Study Guide-mendels Laws Of Heredity

Question 0

Allele

Answer 0

Genetic factor that controls the expression of a gene.

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

Branch of genetics dealing with the passing on of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 2

How many alleles can control a trait?

Answer 2

More then one

Question 3

Example of an allele

Answer 3

Ex: green & yellow are the 2 alleles in pae plants that code for seed color.

Question 4

Mendelian Inheritance

Answer 4

Inheriting traits that are controlled by one pair of alleles.

Question 5

Gametes

Answer 5

Sex cells.

Question 6

Example of a gamete

Answer 6

Sperm & egg

Question 7

Inbreeding

Answer 7

Fertilization of gametes that are from the same parent or closely related parents

Question 8

Outbreeding

Answer 8

Fertilization of gametes by unrelated parents

Question 9

Example of outbreeding

Answer 9

Ex: tall pae plants with short pea plants

Question 10

F1 Generation (outbreeding)

Answer 10

• first set of offspring that come from
• 2 non related parents
• only 1 of the traits was noticed in the F1 offspring
• ex. Tall X short always gave Tall

Question 11

F2 generation

Answer 11

Bred members of f1 together
(Inbreeding)
-the trait that didn’t show up in f1

Question 12

Dominant Trait

Answer 12

Observable trait in F1 generation represented by a capital letter. (Ex. T= Tall)

Question 13

Recessive trait

Answer 13

The trait that’s hidden in F1 but reappears in F2.

-represented by a lower case letter. (Ex. t= short

Question 14

Law of segregation

Answer 14

Each trait is controlled by a seperate pair of factors (allele)

Question 15

Haploid(N)

Answer 15

Possessing 1/2 of the total number of chromosomes

Question 16

Diploid(2N)

Answer 16

Possessing all of the total number of chromosomes.

Question 17

How many total chromosomes do humans have in their cells?

Answer 17

46

Question 18

What is the haploid number of 46?

Answer 18

23

Question 19

What is the diploid number of 46?

Answer 19

46

Question 20

Zygote

Answer 20

Single diploid (2N) cell that is formed when 2 gametes fuse during fertilization

Question 21

Genotype

Answer 21

The genetic makeup or combination of alleles of the offspring

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

The physical appearance of the alleles of the offspring

Question 23

Phenotype

Answer 23

The physical appearance of the alleles of the offspring.

Question 24

Different combinations of alleles cause the _________ phenotypes in the offspring.

Answer 24

Different

Question 25

Homozygous

Answer 25

Both alleles on the chromosome for a certain trait are the same.

Question 26

Heterozygous

Answer 26

The alleles on the chromosome for a certain trait are the same.

Question 27

Incomplete dominance

Answer 27

Occurs when 2 alleles produce 3 phenotype.
Example: flower color in some plants
-if you cross a red flowered plant with a white-flowered plant… The resulting plants have pink flowers.

Question 28

Codominance

Answer 28

Occurs when 2 alleles are expressed equally in the offspring
Example: certain varieties of chickens and flowers
- if you cross a red flower with a white flower, the resulting offspring have both red and white petals.

Question 29

Multiple alleles

Answer 29

Some traits are controlled by more than 1 pair of alleles

Question 30

How many alleles are their for blood type in humans?

Answer 30

Three but each person will only have 2 allele for the gene.

Question 31

How many blood types are their?

Answer 31

4

Question 32

Autosomes=_______

Answer 32

In humans, 22 matching pairs of chromosomes

Question 33

Sex chromosomes=

Answer 33

=23rd pair of chromosomes, differ in makes and femal

Question 34

What do sex chromosomes determine?

Answer 34

Sex/gender

Question 35

Female=

Male=

Answer 35

XX

XY

Question 36

Sex-linked genes

Answer 36

Genes located on the sex chromosome that don’t determine gender

Question 37

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 37

The inheritance of a trait that is controlled by 2 or more genes