The Modern World (1900 - 1950)

Question 1

Friedrich Nietzsche (Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil):

Answer 1

Nietzsche challenged traditional morality, emphasizing the will to power and the creation of new values in the face of nihilism.

Question 2

Bertrand Russell (The Problems of Philosophy):

Answer 2

Russell contributed extensively to logic, epistemology, and the philosophy of language.

Question 3

Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Philosophical Investigations):

Answer 3

Wittgenstein’s work on language, logic, and meaning reshaped analytic philosophy and the philosophy of language.

Question 4

Simone de Beauvoir (The Second Sex):

Answer 4

De Beauvoir’s work in feminist philosophy and existential ethics examines the condition of women and the concept of the “Other.”

Question 5

Jean-Paul Sartre (Being and Nothingness, Existentialism is a Humanism):

Answer 5

Sartre’s existentialism focuses on human freedom, responsibility, and the subjective nature of existence.

Question 6

Hannah Arendt (The Human Condition, The Origins of Totalitarianism):

Answer 6

Arendt’s work addresses issues of power, authority, and the nature of political action.

Question 7

Karl Popper