The Age of Revolution (1750 - 1900)

Question 1

David Hume (A Treatise of Human Nature):

Answer 1

Hume’s empiricism and skepticism, especially regarding causality and the self, have profoundly influenced epistemology and ethics.

Question 2

Immanuel Kant (Critique of Pure Reason, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals):

Answer 2

Kant’s work on metaphysics, ethics (deontology), and epistemology—especially his ideas on duty and the categorical imperative—are central to modern philosophy.

Question 3

Voltaire

Question 4

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 5

Edmund Burke

Question 6

Jeremy Bentham

Question 7

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 8

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Phenomenology of Spirit):

Answer 8

Hegel’s dialectical method and his views on history, reality, and the development of consciousness are highly influential in many areas of philosophy.

Question 9

Karl Marx (The Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital):

Question 10

John Stuart Mill (On Liberty, Utilitarianism):

Answer 10

Mill’s work on liberty, individual rights, and utilitarian ethics remains central to debates on justice and freedom.