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History Tudors > The Mid Tudor Crisis > Flashcards

The Mid Tudor Crisis Flashcards

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1
Q

Dates of Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth respectively?

A

1547, 1553, 1558, 1563

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2
Q

What had Henry VIII set up to aid his 9 year old successor?

A

The Regency Council

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3
Q

Who swiftly climbed above the rest of Edward’s regency council as ‘Lord Protector’?

A

Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford and then Duke of Somerset

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4
Q

Why was Edward Seymour (Somerset) able to achieve his position?

A

He was Jane Seymour’s brother, therefore the King’s uncle

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5
Q

Who did Somerset execute to secure his grip on the protectorship?

A

Thomas Seymour, for plotting (his affair with Elizabeth, and his attempted kidnapping of Edward)

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6
Q

Who worked with Earl of Southampton to bring down Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset?

A

John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and then Duke of Northumberland

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7
Q

What title did Dudley adopt to imply his superiority?

A

Lord President of the Council

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8
Q

Who did Dudley have executed after a failed counter coup?

A

Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset

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9
Q

Why was Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, executed in 1553, after Edward’s death?

A

Tried to replace Edward with his own daughter, Lady Jane Grey

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10
Q

Who was Mary’s Lord Privy Seal (a big conservative)?

A

William Paget

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11
Q

Who was Mary’s Lord Chancellor (a big conservative)?

A

Stephen Gardiner

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12
Q

Is Mary known for a large or tiny Privy Council?

A

Large - 50 members, but dominated by Paget and Gardiner

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13
Q

Who did Elizabeth name as principal secretary in 1558?

A

William Cecil

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14
Q

What did Elizabeth do with Mary’s Privy Council?

A

INITIALLY, kept many members - e.g Earl of Pembrooke

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15
Q

What did Elizabeth do swiftly to secure authority?

A

Have her coronation in 2 months

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16
Q

Who did Edward keep on as Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

Thomas Cranmer

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17
Q

What Book did Cranmer’s Acts of Uniformity enforce?

A

Book of Common Prayer - English and Protestant

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18
Q

What did Cranmer’s royal injunctions attack?

A

Images, stained glass, bells, rood screens, altars

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19
Q

What did Cranmer dissolve to abolish ‘prayers for the dead’?

A

Chantries

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20
Q

What clothing did Cranmer ban?

A

Vestments

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21
Q

On what did Cranmer reach beyond Luther and towards Zwingli?

A

The Eucharist - Mass and Communion without transubstatiation

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22
Q

Who was Mary’s Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

Reginald Pole

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23
Q

Who’s supremacy over the Church did Mary restore?

A

The Pope’s

24
Q

What did she do to her brother’s Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

Cranmer was burnt alive in March 1556?

25
Q

What ‘laws’ did Mary restore (that Edward had abolished)?

A

The Heresy laws - doubting Catholicism = Capital offence

26
Q

How many Protestants did Mary burn at the stake?

A

289 (including bishops Hooper and Ridley + preacher Latimer)

27
Q

What were the planned cathedral seminaries to do under Mary’s reign?

A

Retrain and educate Catholic priests to elevate their skill and purge corruption in officials

28
Q

What did Elizabeth’s Act of Supremacy do?

A

Made her Supreme Governor of the Church of England

29
Q

What happened to bishops who refused to take the Oath of Supremacy?

A

They were sacked from their posts and some were imprisoned and executed for treason

30
Q

What laws did Elizabeth abolish (once again)?

A

The heresy laws

31
Q

What Book did the Act of Uniformity restore?

A

The Book of Common Prayer (1552 version)

32
Q

What did the Book of Common Prayer say about the wording of the Eucharist?

A

A mixture - bread was both ‘body’ and ‘rememberance’

33
Q

What made someone a ‘recusant’?

A

Refused to attend services in their parish church

34
Q

What punishment did recusants face?

A

Fines, very lenient compared to her sister. Lots of recusants simply paid the fine and didn’t attend.

35
Q

What did Elizabeth’s injunctions say about pilgrimages and altars?

A

They were banned - along with candles

36
Q

What did Elizabeth’s injunctions compel all churches to buy?

A

An English Bible

37
Q

What was Elizabeth’s decision on the marriage of clergymen?

A

Personally disapproved but permitted it regardless

38
Q

What did Elizabeth’s injunctions say about vestments?

A

Enforced their use for certain ceremonies

39
Q

What was ELizabeth’s compromise over religion called?

A

The ‘Religious Settlement’ or the ‘Middle Way’

40
Q

What was Somerset’s key foreign policy?

A

Securing the marriage of MQS to Edward

41
Q

Which battle was won in an attempt to enforce this?

A

Battle of Pinkie, 1547

42
Q

Which country stepped in to aid Scotland and how?

A

France - they relieved Edinburgh and married MQS to their heir

43
Q

How did Northumberland end the conflict with them?

A

Sold back Boulonge - £133,333

44
Q

What was Northumberland’s foreign policy in Scotland?

A

Retreat - maintaining the garrisons was simply too expensive

45
Q

Who did Mary ally with via marriage?

A

Spain - Phillip II temporarily gained the title of King (though none of the power)

46
Q

Who led French troops in a landing at Scarborough?

A

Thomas Stafford in 1557

47
Q

Where did Eng and Span troops achieve a successful siege under Mary?

A

St Quentin, France

48
Q

What humiliating loss did Mary suffer in Jan 1558?

A

Calais

49
Q

What Elizabethan treaty made peace with France?

A

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, 1559

50
Q

France had agreed to purchase Calais for how much?

A

£125,000

51
Q

Who did the Treaty of Berwick send and army and ships to?

A

Scottish Protestants fighting French troops defending Mary of Guise

52
Q

What did the Treaty of Edinburgh do?

A

Peace with the Scottish, removal of all troops from Scotland - English and French - whilst maintaining peace with the French

53
Q

Eliz’s support for which French protestant group backfired?

A

Huguenots, Eng forces were driven out France entirely

54
Q

Which rebellion emerged from East Anglia 1549?

A

Kett Rebellion vs Edward VI

55
Q

Which rebellion emerged from Kent, 1554?

A

Wyatt Rebellion vs Mary

56
Q

What happened to debasement under Edward?

A

Continued under Somerset and stopped under Northumberland

57
Q

Which Monarch reminted the currency entirely?

A

Elizabeth, though inflation still continually crept up.

History Tudors (4 decks)

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