Henry VII Fact File Flashcards
Dates of Reign
1485-1509
Name of Wife
Elizabeth of York
Name of Mother and Father
Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beafort
How did Henry VII have royal blood?
His Mother descended from John of Gaunt (Duke of Lancaster) - Edward III’s 3rd son
Names of legitimate children
Arthur, Henry, Margaret, and Mary
Event that ousted Richard III?
Battle of Bosworth Field
Which ten year old was seized and put in the Tower (1485-1499) due to his strong royal claim?
Edward, Earl of Warwick (nephew of Richard III)
What was backdated by Parliament to 21 August 1485?
The beginning of Henry VII’s reign
Why did Henry VII backdate his reign?
To make traitors of all who fought against him, and leave them in debt forever more
What parliamentary acts were used to confiscate lands and titles from some noblemen?
Acts of Attainder
Alongside Richard, which other key Yorkists were killed in the battle of 1485 - making it easier to start afresh?
John Howard (Norfolk), Walter Devereux, Richard Ratcliffe, Robert Brackenbury and Percival Thirlwall.
Henry showed mercy by allowing which earls to successfully beg for pardons and achieve reconciliation?
Thomas Howard (Surrey), John de la Pole (Lincoln), and Henry Percy (Northumberland)
Henry showed mercy after his battlefield victory victory to all except which of Richard’s chief allies?
William Catesby (Chancellor of the Exchequer and Speaker of the Commons) - Beheaded
What came first - marriage or coronation for Henry? Why?
Coronation, thus his legitimacy wouldn’t linked to Elizabeth’s claim
Why was marriage to Elizabeth of York very sensible?
She was a Yorkist - in theory this would end the Wars of the Roses
What helped to cement the new dynasty in Septemebr 1486?
The birth and continuing survival of Prince Arthur
Which Viscount (and key ally of Richard) saw his rebellion in Yorkshrie crushed in 1486?
Francis Lovell (he disappeared after this but his accomplice, Humphrey Stafford, was beheaded)
Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be?
Edward, Earl of Warwick, Nephew of Richard III, and alive and well in the Tower of London
Where was Simnel’s uprising crushed in battle (1487)?
Stoke Field, where Simnel was support by 2,000 German mercenaries as well as John de la Pole
Which troublesome earl was killed at Stoke Field?
John de la Pole (nephew of Richard)
Who did Perkin Warbeck impersonate?
Richard, Duke of York
Once seized, what did Henry do with Warbeck before his execution (alongside Warwick) in 1499?
Kept him in the tower of London (it was Lambert Simnel that was put to work in the kitchens!)
Kept in the Tower from 1506-1509, which dangerous exile cdid Exmperor Maximilian agree to hand over?
Edmund de la Pole (earl of Suffolk) - another nephew of Richard
After the betrayal of William Stanley (Lord Chamberlain) Henry created what intimate chamber?
The Privy Chamber
Henry invited men like John Morton, Richard Fox, William Warham, Thomas Lovell, and Reginald Bray to the Privy Chamber - what did they all have in common?
They weren’t from the aristocracy. They were ‘new men’ from less austere origins. Henry felt that he could trust them a lot more
What organisation was set up by Btay and later dominated by Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson to chase up royal debts and impose prerogative rights?
The Council Learned - it squeezed money out of the nobility with bonds and recognizances
How many times did Henry VII summon Parliament?
Just 7 times - preferred a more concilliar approach
Greater efficiency under Lovell and John Heron saw income from what estates increase from £12kpa to £42kpa?
Crown lands - manors directly owned by the monarch (owing rents to the royal purse)
What did Henry take on a lot more of in order to receive the wealth from estates held by minors?
Wardships
‘Feudal aid; was also resurrected by Henry’s clever lawyers - what did this see the nobility paying for?
The knighting of eldest sons and the marriage of eldest daughters etc.
Henry received £400k+ in extraordinary revenue - where did this come from (until stopped from 1504)?
Parliament approved taxation - and it wasn;t popular … sparking two rebellions
The Treaty of Redon (1489) saw Henry agree to send an English army where … and why was this necessary?
To defend Duchess Anne of Britanny from a French invasion by Charles VIII
Why wasn’t this army needed after it arrived?
Anne married Charles
Due to their growing links with Warbeck which country did Henry invade in 1492?
France
What subsequent treaty gained Henry a pension?
Etaples - it also saw France distance itself from PW
Due to their growing links wit hWarbeck which Duchy did Henry impose a trade embargo on in 1493?
Burgundy (run by the Emperor Maximillian’s son - Phillip)
What trade agreement repaired relations in 1496 when Warbeck moved on from this region.
Intercursus Magnus
Why was Henry able to squeexe an even more advantageous trade deal (Intercursus Malus) out of Phillip in the Treaty of Windsor (1506)?
Phillip was ‘detained’ at Henry’s court after his ship was wrecked on the coast. He was free to leave once the deal was signed and Suffolk was handed over
What did the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489) see England Ferdinand and Isabella’s Spain agree to?
Marriage between Arthur and Catherine. No harbouring of pretneders and mutual protection
A truce with which monarch and country was agreed at Ayton in 1497?
James IV - Scotland. He had harboured Warbeck and prompted an English invasion which was only paused due a major tax rebellion in Cornwall.
The Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1503)? confirmed the marriage of who to the James IV?
Henry’s duaghter, Margaret Tudor (future grandmother of MQS.).
The relationship between Church and State is described as ‘Erastian’ - what does this mean?
Pope’s were content to hold all reigious power in ‘theory’ but let monarchs hold it in ‘practice’
How as bastard feudalism limited by Henry in order to further weaken the nobility’s strength / threat?
By 1504 licenses were needed for nobels to recruit retainers (Lord Bergavenny fined £100k in 1507.
