Henry VII Fact File

Question 1

Dates of Reign

Answer 1

1485-1509

Question 2

Name of Wife

Answer 2

Elizabeth of York

Question 3

Name of Mother and Father

Answer 3

Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beafort

Question 4

How did Henry VII have royal blood?

Answer 4

His Mother descended from John of Gaunt (Duke of Lancaster) - Edward III’s 3rd son

Question 5

Names of legitimate children

Answer 5

Arthur, Henry, Margaret, and Mary

Question 6

Event that ousted Richard III?

Answer 6

Battle of Bosworth Field

Question 7

Which ten year old was seized and put in the Tower (1485-1499) due to his strong royal claim?

Answer 7

Edward, Earl of Warwick (nephew of Richard III)

Question 8

What was backdated by Parliament to 21 August 1485?

Answer 8

The beginning of Henry VII’s reign

Question 9

Why did Henry VII backdate his reign?

Answer 9

To make traitors of all who fought against him, and leave them in debt forever more

Question 10

What parliamentary acts were used to confiscate lands and titles from some noblemen?

Answer 10

Acts of Attainder

Question 11

Alongside Richard, which other key Yorkists were killed in the battle of 1485 - making it easier to start afresh?

Answer 11

John Howard (Norfolk), Walter Devereux, Richard Ratcliffe, Robert Brackenbury and Percival Thirlwall.

Question 12

Henry showed mercy by allowing which earls to successfully beg for pardons and achieve reconciliation?

Answer 12

Thomas Howard (Surrey), John de la Pole (Lincoln), and Henry Percy (Northumberland)

Question 13

Henry showed mercy after his battlefield victory victory to all except which of Richard’s chief allies?

Answer 13

William Catesby (Chancellor of the Exchequer and Speaker of the Commons) - Beheaded

Question 14

What came first - marriage or coronation for Henry? Why?

Answer 14

Coronation, thus his legitimacy wouldn’t linked to Elizabeth’s claim

Question 15

Why was marriage to Elizabeth of York very sensible?

Answer 15

She was a Yorkist - in theory this would end the Wars of the Roses

Question 16

What helped to cement the new dynasty in Septemebr 1486?

Answer 16

The birth and continuing survival of Prince Arthur

Question 17

Which Viscount (and key ally of Richard) saw his rebellion in Yorkshrie crushed in 1486?

Answer 17

Francis Lovell (he disappeared after this but his accomplice, Humphrey Stafford, was beheaded)

Question 18

Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be?

Answer 18

Edward, Earl of Warwick, Nephew of Richard III, and alive and well in the Tower of London

Question 19

Where was Simnel’s uprising crushed in battle (1487)?

Answer 19

Stoke Field, where Simnel was support by 2,000 German mercenaries as well as John de la Pole

Question 20

Which troublesome earl was killed at Stoke Field?

Answer 20

John de la Pole (nephew of Richard)

Question 21

Who did Perkin Warbeck impersonate?

Answer 21

Richard, Duke of York

Question 22

Once seized, what did Henry do with Warbeck before his execution (alongside Warwick) in 1499?

Answer 22

Kept him in the tower of London (it was Lambert Simnel that was put to work in the kitchens!)

Question 23

Kept in the Tower from 1506-1509, which dangerous exile cdid Exmperor Maximilian agree to hand over?

Answer 23

Edmund de la Pole (earl of Suffolk) - another nephew of Richard

Question 24

After the betrayal of William Stanley (Lord Chamberlain) Henry created what intimate chamber?

Answer 24

The Privy Chamber

Question 25

Henry invited men like John Morton, Richard Fox, William Warham, Thomas Lovell, and Reginald Bray to the Privy Chamber - what did they all have in common?

Answer 25

They weren’t from the aristocracy. They were ‘new men’ from less austere origins. Henry felt that he could trust them a lot more

Question 26

What organisation was set up by Btay and later dominated by Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson to chase up royal debts and impose prerogative rights?

Answer 26

The Council Learned - it squeezed money out of the nobility with bonds and recognizances

Question 27

How many times did Henry VII summon Parliament?

Answer 27

Just 7 times - preferred a more concilliar approach

Question 28

Greater efficiency under Lovell and John Heron saw income from what estates increase from £12kpa to £42kpa?

Answer 28

Crown lands - manors directly owned by the monarch (owing rents to the royal purse)

Question 29

What did Henry take on a lot more of in order to receive the wealth from estates held by minors?

Answer 29

Wardships

Question 30

‘Feudal aid; was also resurrected by Henry’s clever lawyers - what did this see the nobility paying for?

Answer 30

The knighting of eldest sons and the marriage of eldest daughters etc.

Question 31

Henry received £400k+ in extraordinary revenue - where did this come from (until stopped from 1504)?

Answer 31

Parliament approved taxation - and it wasn;t popular … sparking two rebellions

Question 32

The Treaty of Redon (1489) saw Henry agree to send an English army where … and why was this necessary?

Answer 32

To defend Duchess Anne of Britanny from a French invasion by Charles VIII

Question 33

Why wasn’t this army needed after it arrived?

Answer 33

Anne married Charles

Question 34

Due to their growing links with Warbeck which country did Henry invade in 1492?

Answer 34

France

Question 35

What subsequent treaty gained Henry a pension?

Answer 35

Etaples - it also saw France distance itself from PW

Question 36

Due to their growing links wit hWarbeck which Duchy did Henry impose a trade embargo on in 1493?

Answer 36

Burgundy (run by the Emperor Maximillian’s son - Phillip)

Question 37

What trade agreement repaired relations in 1496 when Warbeck moved on from this region.

Answer 37

Intercursus Magnus

Question 38

Why was Henry able to squeexe an even more advantageous trade deal (Intercursus Malus) out of Phillip in the Treaty of Windsor (1506)?

Answer 38

Phillip was ‘detained’ at Henry’s court after his ship was wrecked on the coast. He was free to leave once the deal was signed and Suffolk was handed over

Question 39

What did the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489) see England Ferdinand and Isabella’s Spain agree to?

Answer 39

Marriage between Arthur and Catherine. No harbouring of pretneders and mutual protection

Question 40

A truce with which monarch and country was agreed at Ayton in 1497?

Answer 40

James IV - Scotland. He had harboured Warbeck and prompted an English invasion which was only paused due a major tax rebellion in Cornwall.

Question 41

The Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1503)? confirmed the marriage of who to the James IV?

Answer 41

Henry’s duaghter, Margaret Tudor (future grandmother of MQS.).

Question 42

The relationship between Church and State is described as ‘Erastian’ - what does this mean?

Answer 42

Pope’s were content to hold all reigious power in ‘theory’ but let monarchs hold it in ‘practice’

Question 43

How as bastard feudalism limited by Henry in order to further weaken the nobility’s strength / threat?

Answer 43

By 1504 licenses were needed for nobels to recruit retainers (Lord Bergavenny fined £100k in 1507.