Henry VIII Fact File Flashcards
Dates of Reign
1509-1547
Names of Parents
Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
Names of Children
Mary I, Elizabeth I, Edward VI, and Henry Fitzroy the Bastard
Two of Henry VII’s ministers that Henry VIII executed in 1510
Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson
Name of Dudley and Empson’s money-making council that Henry VIII dissolved
The Council Learned
What style of government marked the beginning of Henry’s reign?
Conciliar - Privy Council (e.g. Fox and William)
Henry secured the dynasaty by marrying who in June 1509?
Catherine of Aragon
Henry populated the Privy Council with his noblemen known as ‘the….
…minions’ (e.g. Nicholas Carew, Francis Bryan, and Henry Norris)
Henry executed which duke for bigging up his own royal blood?
Buckingham - Edward Stafford
Henry executed which prisoner before sailing to France in 1513?
Edmund de la Pole - former Earl of Suffolk
Before the reformation, Henry VIII summoned Parliament how many times?
Four
Who became Lord Chancellor (Chief Minister) in 1515?
Thomas Wolsey
What powerful object was Wolsey allowed to possess and use at will?
The Great Seal - the royal rubber stamp
Who did Wolsey fail to purge from the Privy Council?
The Minions, (Charles Brandon, William Carey, Arthur Pole).
What was Wolsey charged with and found guilty of in 1529?
Praemunire - loyalty to the Pope over the Crown
Who was Chief Minister from 1532 - 1540?
Thomas Cromwell
What was Cromwell’s solution for the ‘King’s Great Matter’?
Splitting from Rome
How did Cromwell go about achieving the split from Rome?
Parliamentary legislation
What style of government did Henry conclude his reign with?
Conciliar (Gardiner, Norfolk, Wriothesley, Seymour - Hertford)
The ‘reformers’ came out on top after the arrests if which father and son (after the latter adopted royal heraldry)?
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (the latter was beheaded - the former spared by Edward VI)
Where in France did 10K troops land (and fail) in 1512?
Guienne, Quitane (south-west). Duped by Ferdinand.
What two northern French towns were seized in 1513?
Therouanne and Tournai
What battle repelled the Scottish invasion and killed James IV?
Flodden Field (1513)
Who did Henry send to Paris to marry Louis XII?
His sister - Mary
Why didn’t Mary’s marriage to Louis and alliance last over 3 months?
Louis died and Mary secretly married Charles Brandon, the Earl of Sussex
What treaty position Henry as Europe’s top diplomat in 1518?
Treaty of London
The Treaty of London was a non-aggression pact in response to?
The march of the Muslim Ottomans into Christian Europe
Peace with France affirmed in 1520 at what event?
The Field of Cloth of Gold
Henry didn’t have the funds to convince Charles V (Holy Roman Emporor) to unite for a march on where on 1525?
Paris - this was after the defeat and capture of Francis I at the Battle of Pavia
What battle crushed the Scots (again) in 1542?
Solway Moss - James V died shortly after this
Despite the Treaty of Greenwich, who didn’t the Scottish Parliament ratify Prince Edward’s betrothal to?
Mary, Queen of Scots (in a minority at the time)
Which French town was seized in the 1544 campaign?
Boulogne
French retaliation to Henry’s 1544 campaign resulted in the sinking of what?
Henry’s flagship - the Mary Rose - off the Isle of Wight
Who was appointed as archbishop of Canterbury after arguing that Popes had no jurisdiction outside of Rome?
Thomas Cranmer - he claimed that monarchs were Chris’s deputies on Earth - not the Pope
Which part of the Bible gave Henry an excuse to dismiss his first marriage as illegal and in need of an annulment?
Leviticus - no man should marry the widow of his brother
What was hoped the Act in Restraint on Annates would do?
Pressure the Vatican into permitting Henry’s divorce
What did the Act of Supremacy (1534) make Henry VIII?
The first ‘majesty’ and the Supreme Head of the Church of England
What oath did the Act of Succession enforce on people?
Recognition of Anne Boleyn as Queen and future children as heirs
Which prominet pair were beheaded for refusing to swear the oath in the Act of Succession?
Thomas More (Lord High Chancellor and Chief Minister) and John Fisher (the Bishop of Rochester)
Which Act made calling Henry a ‘heretic’ a capital crime?
The Treason Act of 1534
What did Henry say about rleics, pilgrimages, and holy days?
Superstitious distractions
What did Henry say about transubstatiation?
It was true - Christ was literally present at the Mass (staunch believer)
Which publication reduced the sacraments down to 3?
The Ten Articles of 1536
Which Act eventually restored the lost sacraments?
The Six Article Act of 1539
What was Henry the first ever to permit regarding the bible?
Publication in English (e.g. the Great Bible
Which tax triggered a major upriosing in the east, 1525?
The Amicable Grant (to fund the Charles V invasion of Paris)
Why did protesters of The Amicable Grant walk away from this uprising?
Wolsey and Henry abadoned the policy in a humiliating defeat
Which rebel led to the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536?
Robert Aske
What was the key cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Dissolution of the monasteries / hatred of Cromwell
Why did this uprising come to nothing?
Pardons, promises of talks, then 74 leaders hanged!
How did the Laws in Wales Act centralise power?
Wales split into shires and sent MPs to Parliament (1536)
Who’s autonomy did the Act Resuming Liberties stifle?
The palatines (Lancashire, Chesire, and Durham)
Who became wardens of 3 (newly made) Scot marches?
Gentry (e.g. Wharton) not nobles (Percy / Dacre)
What council was made into a permanet body in York?
The Council in the North - led by Henry Fitzroy (royal bastard)
Who was returned to the succession plan in 1544?
The Succession Act restored Mary and Elizabeth
Who did the will will pass the throne to after Edward/Mary/Elizabeth?
Heirs of his sister Mary (if Ed/Mary/Eliz had no offspring)
