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History Tudors > Henry VIII Fact File > Flashcards

Henry VIII Fact File Flashcards

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1
Q

Dates of Reign

A

1509-1547

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2
Q

Names of Parents

A

Henry VII and Elizabeth of York

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3
Q

Names of Children

A

Mary I, Elizabeth I, Edward VI, and Henry Fitzroy the Bastard

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4
Q

Two of Henry VII’s ministers that Henry VIII executed in 1510

A

Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson

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5
Q

Name of Dudley and Empson’s money-making council that Henry VIII dissolved

A

The Council Learned

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6
Q

What style of government marked the beginning of Henry’s reign?

A

Conciliar - Privy Council (e.g. Fox and William)

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7
Q

Henry secured the dynasaty by marrying who in June 1509?

A

Catherine of Aragon

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8
Q

Henry populated the Privy Council with his noblemen known as ‘the….

A

…minions’ (e.g. Nicholas Carew, Francis Bryan, and Henry Norris)

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9
Q

Henry executed which duke for bigging up his own royal blood?

A

Buckingham - Edward Stafford

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10
Q

Henry executed which prisoner before sailing to France in 1513?

A

Edmund de la Pole - former Earl of Suffolk

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11
Q

Before the reformation, Henry VIII summoned Parliament how many times?

A

Four

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12
Q

Who became Lord Chancellor (Chief Minister) in 1515?

A

Thomas Wolsey

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13
Q

What powerful object was Wolsey allowed to possess and use at will?

A

The Great Seal - the royal rubber stamp

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14
Q

Who did Wolsey fail to purge from the Privy Council?

A

The Minions, (Charles Brandon, William Carey, Arthur Pole).

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15
Q

What was Wolsey charged with and found guilty of in 1529?

A

Praemunire - loyalty to the Pope over the Crown

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16
Q

Who was Chief Minister from 1532 - 1540?

A

Thomas Cromwell

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17
Q

What was Cromwell’s solution for the ‘King’s Great Matter’?

A

Splitting from Rome

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18
Q

How did Cromwell go about achieving the split from Rome?

A

Parliamentary legislation

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19
Q

What style of government did Henry conclude his reign with?

A

Conciliar (Gardiner, Norfolk, Wriothesley, Seymour - Hertford)

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20
Q

The ‘reformers’ came out on top after the arrests if which father and son (after the latter adopted royal heraldry)?

A

Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (the latter was beheaded - the former spared by Edward VI)

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21
Q

Where in France did 10K troops land (and fail) in 1512?

A

Guienne, Quitane (south-west). Duped by Ferdinand.

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22
Q

What two northern French towns were seized in 1513?

A

Therouanne and Tournai

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23
Q

What battle repelled the Scottish invasion and killed James IV?

A

Flodden Field (1513)

24
Q

Who did Henry send to Paris to marry Louis XII?

A

His sister - Mary

25
Q

Why didn’t Mary’s marriage to Louis and alliance last over 3 months?

A

Louis died and Mary secretly married Charles Brandon, the Earl of Sussex

26
Q

What treaty position Henry as Europe’s top diplomat in 1518?

A

Treaty of London

27
Q

The Treaty of London was a non-aggression pact in response to?

A

The march of the Muslim Ottomans into Christian Europe

28
Q

Peace with France affirmed in 1520 at what event?

A

The Field of Cloth of Gold

29
Q

Henry didn’t have the funds to convince Charles V (Holy Roman Emporor) to unite for a march on where on 1525?

A

Paris - this was after the defeat and capture of Francis I at the Battle of Pavia

30
Q

What battle crushed the Scots (again) in 1542?

A

Solway Moss - James V died shortly after this

31
Q

Despite the Treaty of Greenwich, who didn’t the Scottish Parliament ratify Prince Edward’s betrothal to?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots (in a minority at the time)

32
Q

Which French town was seized in the 1544 campaign?

A

Boulogne

33
Q

French retaliation to Henry’s 1544 campaign resulted in the sinking of what?

A

Henry’s flagship - the Mary Rose - off the Isle of Wight

34
Q

Who was appointed as archbishop of Canterbury after arguing that Popes had no jurisdiction outside of Rome?

A

Thomas Cranmer - he claimed that monarchs were Chris’s deputies on Earth - not the Pope

35
Q

Which part of the Bible gave Henry an excuse to dismiss his first marriage as illegal and in need of an annulment?

A

Leviticus - no man should marry the widow of his brother

36
Q

What was hoped the Act in Restraint on Annates would do?

A

Pressure the Vatican into permitting Henry’s divorce

37
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy (1534) make Henry VIII?

A

The first ‘majesty’ and the Supreme Head of the Church of England

38
Q

What oath did the Act of Succession enforce on people?

A

Recognition of Anne Boleyn as Queen and future children as heirs

39
Q

Which prominet pair were beheaded for refusing to swear the oath in the Act of Succession?

A

Thomas More (Lord High Chancellor and Chief Minister) and John Fisher (the Bishop of Rochester)

40
Q

Which Act made calling Henry a ‘heretic’ a capital crime?

A

The Treason Act of 1534

41
Q

What did Henry say about rleics, pilgrimages, and holy days?

A

Superstitious distractions

42
Q

What did Henry say about transubstatiation?

A

It was true - Christ was literally present at the Mass (staunch believer)

43
Q

Which publication reduced the sacraments down to 3?

A

The Ten Articles of 1536

44
Q

Which Act eventually restored the lost sacraments?

A

The Six Article Act of 1539

45
Q

What was Henry the first ever to permit regarding the bible?

A

Publication in English (e.g. the Great Bible

46
Q

Which tax triggered a major upriosing in the east, 1525?

A

The Amicable Grant (to fund the Charles V invasion of Paris)

47
Q

Why did protesters of The Amicable Grant walk away from this uprising?

A

Wolsey and Henry abadoned the policy in a humiliating defeat

48
Q

Which rebel led to the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536?

A

Robert Aske

49
Q

What was the key cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

Dissolution of the monasteries / hatred of Cromwell

50
Q

Why did this uprising come to nothing?

A

Pardons, promises of talks, then 74 leaders hanged!

51
Q

How did the Laws in Wales Act centralise power?

A

Wales split into shires and sent MPs to Parliament (1536)

52
Q

Who’s autonomy did the Act Resuming Liberties stifle?

A

The palatines (Lancashire, Chesire, and Durham)

53
Q

Who became wardens of 3 (newly made) Scot marches?

A

Gentry (e.g. Wharton) not nobles (Percy / Dacre)

54
Q

What council was made into a permanet body in York?

A

The Council in the North - led by Henry Fitzroy (royal bastard)

55
Q

Who was returned to the succession plan in 1544?

A

The Succession Act restored Mary and Elizabeth

56
Q

Who did the will will pass the throne to after Edward/Mary/Elizabeth?

A

Heirs of his sister Mary (if Ed/Mary/Eliz had no offspring)

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