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History Tudors > Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

What title was William Cecil elevated to in 1571?

A

Lord Burghley

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2
Q

From the 1570s which group truly dominated the Privy Council?

A

Protestants - e.g. Leicester, Walsingham, and Mildmay

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3
Q

Which duke’s execution in 1572 helped protestants dominate the Privy Council?

A

Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk (due to his involvement in the Ridolfi Plot)

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4
Q

Examples of Conservatives that remained in the Privy Council after Norfolk’s execution?

A

Christopher Hatton, James Croft, and The Earl of Sussex

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5
Q

What benefits came from having a split Privy Council?

A

Healthy debate and no dominant individual emerging

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6
Q

However by the 1590s factional hatred arose within the Privy Council between which members?

A

Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex and Robert Cecil

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7
Q

When did one of the two Privy Council rivals of 1590 launch a failed rebellion?

A

1601 - The Essex Rebellion

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8
Q

What prompted Elizabeth to summon 11/13 of the parliaments she summoned in her reign?

A

Extraordinary revenues (new taxes)

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9
Q

What caused Elizabeth to silence, berate, and even arrest MPs?

A

Their eagerness for her to get married and name a successor

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10
Q

An MP imprisoned (twice!) for refusing to zip it?

A

Peter Wentworth - spent time in the Tower

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11
Q

Which monarch fled to England for 20 years (from 1567)?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots (beheaded in February 1587

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12
Q

What did Elizabeth do with MQS 1567-1586?

A

Kept her under house arrest in place like Sheffield Castle

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13
Q

Name three Catholic Plots MQS inspired

A

Ridolfi (1571), Throckmorton (1583), and Babington (1586)

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14
Q

Name 3 foreign powers (not necessarily countries) involved in the MQS plots

A

France, Spain, and The Pope

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15
Q

Which treaty secured peace with Scotland’s James VI?

A

Treaty of Berwick (1586)

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16
Q

Elizabeth’s knighting of which privateer angered Spain?

A

Francis Drake

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17
Q

Where did Protestants rise up against Spanmish rule, 1567?

A

The Netherlands - Phillip’s Duke of Alba sent to crush it

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18
Q

What aid did Elizabeth initially send to William of Orange in the Netherlands in 1567?

A

Nothing official but secretly money and volunteers!

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19
Q

Who did Elizabeth initally offer shelter to from Spain’s fury?

A

Dutch Sea Beggars - Protestant privateers

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20
Q

How did Elizabeth come by 400,000 florins (to Spain’s fury)?

A

A payment for Alba’s troops blew into an English port

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21
Q

What treaty saw Elizabeth commit 7,000 troops to the Dutch?

A

Nonsuch, 1585 - they were led, poorly, by the Earl of Leicester

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22
Q

By 1594, Maurice of Nassau (with 8k English troops) had achieved…?

A

Freedom for the northern provinces of the Netherlands

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23
Q

What did Spain launch against Elizabeth in July 1588?

A

The Spanish Armarda

24
Q

What sea battle saw the Spanish Armarda broken by Howard and Drake?

A

Gravelines

25
Q

Which French group did Elizabeth shelter in 1572?

A

Huguenots (Protestants) - persecuted by the Guises

26
Q

Who invaded France when a PROT (Henry IV) took over?

A

Spain - the Duke of Parma

27
Q

Name 2 commanders Elizabeth sent to defend Henry IV

A

Lord Willoughby (Arques) and John Norris (Brittany)

28
Q

By 1598, who held sway in France - partly due to Elizabeth?

A

Henry VI (although now a converted RC he was tolerant of protestantism)

29
Q

What ‘Controversy’ did Puritan clergymen spark, 1560s?

A

Vestarian Controversy - refusal to wear vestments

30
Q

What did Archbishop Parker issue to enforce Elizabeth’s will?

A

Advertisements, 1566 (=37 London clergymen fired)

31
Q

What specific faith were Field, Cartwright, TUrner, and Cope?

A

Presbytarians (radical Puritans, protestants critical of church hierarchy)

32
Q

What Book did Presbytarians like Cartwright reject due to its Popeish elements?

A

The Common Book of Prayer

33
Q

What did Archbishop Whitgift issue to fight back against Presbytarians?

A

The Three Articles (‘acceptance’ of the Book)

34
Q

What specific faith were Barrow, Greenwood, and Penry?

A

Separatists (extreme Puritans, moreso than the Presbytarians)

35
Q

What did Separatists reject that was deemed treasonous?

A

Elizabeth’s status as Supreme Governor of the COE

36
Q

What did the Act against Seditious Sectaries sanction?

A

Separatist executions (1593)

37
Q

What action did the Pope take against Elizabeth in 1570?

A

He excommunicated her (= call on RC’s to rebel/kill)

38
Q

What happened to the fine imposed upon recusants?

A

Doubled to £20 per month (from 1581)

39
Q

Who were given 40 days to leave upon pain of death?

A

All Catholic priests (123 executed 1586 - 1603!)

40
Q

Who were Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons?

A

Jesuits (sent to England to plot a Catholic rebellion)

41
Q

Name the three noblemen linked to Northern Rebellion?

A

Norfolk, Northumberland and Westmorland

42
Q

When did the Northern Rebellion take place?

A

1569

43
Q

Who did the Northern Rebellion aim to wed Norfolk to?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots

44
Q

What illegal religious act did the Northern Rebellion perform in Durham?

A

Mass

45
Q

Where did the rebels flee to in the face of royal troops?

A

Scotland

46
Q

What did Acts in 1572, 1576, 1598, and 1601 transform?

A

State support for the impoverished

47
Q

Who was to pay for State Aid for the impoverished?

A

Local Ratepayers (tax)

48
Q

What was in store for persistent beggars?

A

Flogging/sent to the Navy/The Hangman’s Noose

49
Q

What Company was set up in 1600 to fix a link to Asia?

A

East India Company

50
Q

Which courtier tried to establish a new colony overseas, and what did he name it in honour of the Queen?

A

Walter Raleigh, Virginia

51
Q

Which slave merchant did Elizabeth supply ships to in 1564?

A

John Hawkins (1st Englishmen to transport Africans)

52
Q

Why didn’t Elizabeth marry the ‘apple of her eye’ - Leiceser?

A

Fear of scandal - his wife (amy Robsart) died rather suspiciously

53
Q

Why didn’t Elizabeth marry her ‘frog’ - Francis, Duke of Anjou

A

French and Catholic - Leicester, Walsingham, and Public Opposition

54
Q

What was the benefit in being cast as the Virgin Queen?

A

Propaganda - her subjects were then her children = loyalty

55
Q

Did Elizabeth ever confirm Mary, Queen of Scots as heir?

A

No!

56
Q

Why did Elizabeth resist having a clear succession plan?

A

Avoid an angry coup / keep multiple people’s hopes up

57
Q

Who did Elizabeth gesture consent to as her successor?

A

Her Nephew - James VI of Scotland

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