The memory system Flashcards
The memory system & information processing
all information picked up by the senses is stored in the memory
What is the ‘working memory’?
= performs a number of functions
- consists of a central control centre (central executive)
What is the ‘central executive’?
= control centre of the workign memory model
- uses 3 other ‘sub systems’ to control all infromation moving in and out of the memory system
What are the 3 sub systems of the central executive?
1) Phenological loop
2) Visuospatial sketchpad
3) Episodic buffer
Describe the ‘phenological loop’
(PL)
= deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace
What is a memory trace?
= initial mental idea of the skill, whcih can be sent to the long term memory where it can trigger a motor programme
WHat is a motor programme?
= permenant trace stored in the LTM, that contains all the components taht make up a skill
Describe the ‘visuospatial sketchpad’
(VS)
= used to temporarily store visual and spatial information
Divided into 2 areas
- visual cahce: info about form & colour
- inner scribe: spatial & movement info
Describe the ‘episodic buffer’
(EB)
= co-ordinates the sight, hearing and movement infromation from the wokring memory into sequences to be sent to the long-term memory
- coridnates the work of phenological loop and visuospatial sketpad to create a sequence which is sent to the long-term memory
- starting point for a motor programme, and can be used to create movment
Summerise the 3 subsystems of the working memory
Phenological loop = auditory information creates memory trace
Visuospatial sketpatch = temporarily stores visual & patial inforamtion
Episodic buffer = PL + VS = sequence which is sent to the long term memory
Is working memory long or short term?
Short term and temporary
- central executive/phenological loop/visuospatial sketchpad/episodic buffer
Define ‘long term memory’
(LTM)
= recieves information from the working memory, and has unlimited capacity for the storage of motor promgrammes
Describe the process of memory
1) Working memory picks up informtion from the display
2) Selective attention filters out irrelavent information
3) PL and VS produce a memory trace (hearing, sight and spatial info)
4) Memory trace is sent to the LTM
5) LTM compares this memory trace to info already stored within the LTM
6) LTM sends info back to the working memory for use in current sporting action
Summerise working memory and LTM
- working memory sends coded for information to the LTM
- LTM comapares this for future storage/use/decision making
- Work together in a 2 way process.
Features & functions of the working memory
- initiates actions by sending the memory trace
- limited capacity (5-9 items at one time. Too much = overload and important info could be lost)
- Limited time scale (30 seconds until info is used or lost)
Features & functions of the LTM
- info stored aas motor programmes (=permenant trace of skill consisting of all the components that make up thta skill)
- Large capacity
- Lasts forever
How is the best resposnse decided?
By the memory systems working togetehr
Why is it important for memory systems to be effective?
- ensures useful info and motor programmes are stored in the LTM
- learned skills can be moved back to the working memory for use at the current time
How can coaches and performers improve storing info/decision making?
- Rewards
- Association
- Mental practice
- Chunking
- Focus/concerntration
- Repetition
- Chaining
Tool for remebering ‘improving storing info/decision making’
Males - mental practice
And - association
Females - focus
Can - chunking
Run - repetition
Chairty - chaining
Races - rewrads
Rewards
- intrinsic & extrinsic rewards motivate player to remeber correct actions
Association
= linking stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion/action
Mental practice
- imagining the sub-routines of the skill in mind
- useful for remembereing sequence of serial/complex skills
Chunking
= breaking the skilled action into parts/subroutines
- helps to prevent information overload
- performer can learn 1 aspect of a skill until it is stored in the LTM
- more easily recalled into the workign memory if broken dwon
Focus
- elimates distractions
- aids selective attention
= correct info goes into each memory
system
Repetition
- enures skills are coded and stored as motor programmes in the LTM
- repetition of action
- repeated practice to stimulus
Chaining
= linking items together as a sequence, so they are more easily recalled as a sequence
- useful for serial skills
