Response time

Question 1

Define ‘response time’

Answer 1

= time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the completion of a task

reaction time + movement time

Question 2

What does a faster response time mean

Answer 2

faster repsonse = more time the player has to execute the skill

• when skills are open/unpredictable, it is important to make decisions quickly
• allows player to quickly adapt to changing situaitions

Question 3

define ‘reaction time’

Answer 3

= the time taken from the onset of the stimulus to the onset of a response
- no movement
- a fraction of a second

Question 4

define ‘movemnt time’

Answer 4

= time taken to complete the task

Question 5

What is ‘simple reaction time’?

Answer 5

= one option to one stimulus
- fast reaction

Question 6

Give an example of simple reaction time

Answer 6

• sprint start
• swimming

Question 7

What is ‘choice reaction time’?

Answer 7

= more than one stimulus to choose from, and maybe more than one repsonse to make
- slower response

Question 8

Give an emaple of hcoice reaction time

Answer 8

• midfiled in hockey has lots of choices to make & needs to reposnd quickly
• netball = lots of options to pass (who/how/where)

Question 9

What is Hicks Law?

Answer 9

= reaction time increases as the number of choices increases

Question 10

Factors affecting reaction time.

Answer 10

• age
• gender
• stimulus intensity (louder bang=faster reaction)
• height (taller=slower reaction time)
• arrousal levels
• important cues
• body language/position
• anticipation

Question 11

Is the relationship between choices & reaction time linear?

Answer 11

the relationship is not linear, because players/opponents will get used to the options

Question 12

What are the concepts that explain how timing & choice affect repsponse time?

Answer 12

• Single channeld hypothesis
• Physcological refractoy period
• Anticipation

Question 13

Explain the ‘single channel hypothesis’

Answer 13

• stimuli can only be processed one at a time

2nd, 3rd, 4th … stimuli must wait

Question 14

What effect does the single channel hypothsis have on reponse time?

Answer 14

reponse time is increased, because the 2nd stimulus in delayed

Question 15

What is the pyschological refractory period?

Answer 15

= a delay when a 2nd stimulus is presented before the first has been processed

• the lull time between finsihing processing stimulus 1, and processing/making a decision for stimulius 2

Question 16

Use a diagram to represnt psychological refractory period

Answer 16

S1———–|———–R1
S2————|————-R2
|———| = psychological
refractory period

Question 17

What could the perfromer do during the PRP?

Answer 17

A performer could freeze for a split second, becasue they need to sort out the conflicting information

Question 18

How can you use the PRP to your advantage?

Answer 18

You can use multiple stimuli agaisnt the opposition to dealy their response/increase their reaction time

e.g:
- fake/dummy pass
- fake body language (satdnign as if you would do a short serve in badminton, but hitting the shuttlecock long)
- clipping the net, so the ball bounces off in an unexpected direction

Question 19

Define ‘Anticipation’

Answer 19

= pre-judging a stimulus

Question 20

What are the 2 types of aniticipation?

Answer 20

• spatial
• temporal

Question 21

Define ‘spatial anticipation’

Answer 21

= where and what is going to happen

Question 22

Define ‘temporal anticipation’

Answer 22

= when it is going to happen

Question 23

What could correct anticicaption lead to?

Answer 23

if anticipation is correct, then repsonse time could be reduced

Question 24

Why does correct anticipation decrease reposne time?

Answer 24

The infromation processing process has sped up, then the information has been processed before the action has actually happened. So the movement aspect of the reposne can happen immediatly.

Question 25

What does incorrect anticipation cause?

Answer 25

Increased repsonse time

Question 26

Why does incorrect anticipation lead to increased reposne time?

Answer 26

If the stimulus presensted is NOT the one predicted by the perfromer, then there will be a delay whilst the actual stimulus is processed.
- this is because the actaul stimulus is acting as a 2nd stimulus, linkign to the single channel hypothesis &pschologuival refractory peirod

Question 27

How to improve anticipation

Answer 27

Experience
- allows perfromer to recognise stimuli/process information befroe the action occurs

Question 28

How can a perfromer prevent opponents from anticipating their actions?

Answer 28

• being unpredictable
• randomising actions
• disguising actions

Question 29

What factors help a player with anticipating the action of their opponent?

Answer 29

• infroamtion from environment
• singals/cues from opponent
• body language
• sound/communication
• position of opponent

Question 30

How can you improve response time?

Answer 30

1) mental practice
2) Training to specific stimuli
3) Learning to focus and concerntrate
4) Improving fitness
5) Anticipation

Question 31

Improving reposne time:
explain mental pracitce

Answer 31

• going over the task in mind prior to the execution of actions
• repsponse preperation time is improved
• action can be predicted
• closed and serail skills

Question 32

Improving reposne time:
explain training to specific stimuli

Answer 32

• helps the memory system

Question 33

Improving reposne time:
explain focus and concerntraion

Answer 33

• stimulus can be pciked up earlier
• coaches can make stimuli more intense to enahcne concerntaion

Question 34

Improving reposne time:
explain improving fitness

Answer 34

• imporves reaction time, speed & power

Question 35

Improving reposne time:
explain anticipation

Answer 35

• helps predict the stimulus
  done correctly = decreased response time
  done incorrectly = increased rsponse time