Schema theory: motor control and learning 1982 Flashcards
Who made schema theory?
Schmidt
What does Schema Theory suggest?
- that rather than using a structured set of movemtns to develop skills, the core principles can be taken from an existing motor programme and then adapted, using some infromation from the environment and by using feedabck from the senses
Give an example of schema theory
Skill of throwing a javelin will use motor programmes made up of sub-routines (grip, arm action, follow through)
- action of throwing through a javelin is similar to a goalkeeper throwing a ball out of the penatly box
- so coaching points fro javelin can be adapted for use in a goalkeeper throw
But to make the skills applicable to both sports, some aspects need changing
- narrow grip fro jabvelin/wide grip fro football
What could an issue be with this theory?
Skills might not be exactly the same to both sports, and aspects need changing
How do you make sure a schema is effective?
By using the 4 essential processes
- initial conditions
- repsonse specfications
- sensory consequences
- response outcome
What are the 4 parameters of schema? And what are the 2 sections to schema?
Recall schema
- initial conditions
- repsonse specfications
Recognistion schema
- sensory consequences
- response outcome
Define Recall Schema
= initiates the movement, and comes before the action
What are the 2 paramenters in recall schema?
-Initial conditions
- Response specifications
define ‘initial conditions’
= information from the environment
- recognised before the schema can be used
- position on court/opposotition/other players
‘where am I?’
define ‘repsonse specifiations’
= information about what to do
- the motor programme
- assess availible options using info from the environment
- ‘what do I need to do?’
Define recognition schema
= controls the movement, happens duing the action
what are the 2 paremeters in recognition schema?
- sensory consequences
- response outcome
define ‘sensory conseuqences’
= information about the feel of the movement
- info is picked up by the senses, and used to control/apply the movemnt to the situation
define ‘reposne outcome’
= feedback about the result
- schema and motor programme can be updated by getting knowldge of the result action
- resuslts/outcome compared to the objectives
- if not the schema was not successful, adjustments may be made/motor programme is adapted
What is the order of schema?
1) initial conditions
2) repsonse specificationss
3) seonsory consequences
4) response outcome
