The Meeting of Three Peoples (1491-1607) Flashcards
Pueblo People
Identify:
- Location
- Name origin
- Main crop
- Level of development
Native Americans who lived in modern-day southwestern United States. The name Pueblo comes from the Spanish because many of them lived in small towns called Pueblos. They mainly cultivated and became reliant on maize. They were architecturally and technologically advanced, with some structures having hundreds of rooms.
The Four Corners Region
A region of the Southwest where Utah, colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet.
Anasazi People
An alternate name for the Pueblo people.
Zuni and Hopi Peoples
Indigenous groups that united with the Pueblo people in western New Mexico.
Effect of Climate Change on the Pueblo People
Identify:
- General time
- Direct and Indirect Consequences
Volcanic eruptions and drought in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries caused the Pueblo People to disperse, causing conflict with neighboring peoples. Some united with the Zuni and Hopi Peoples, while others joined with communities in the Rio Grande Valley. The sophisticated buildings were abandoned, weakening the Pueblo people to European contact.
The Great Basin
Identify:
- Location and area
- Environment and reason why it is like this
A 400,000 square mile area between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The environment is diverse but has a lack of natural resources caused by a sudden rise in temperatures 5000 years ago that created hot and arid conditions.
Desert Culture
Identify:
- Effect on Indigenous Peoples
- Compare developments made typically by these people vs. other groups
Desert culture typically resulted in higher mobility to better forage and hunt for food due to the scarcity of natural resources. These people typically developed basket making, whereas sedentary groups often developed pottery.
The Shoshone, Paiute, and Ute Peoples.
Three large groupings of native peoples of the Great Basin.
The Great Plains
Vast stretch of land in the US and Canada that stretches from the Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi river.
Plains Indians
Native groups most commonly stereotyped in images of Indigenous groups. This stereotype holds little validity even within the Plains Indians, as they did not have horses until European contact.
The Sioux, Blackfoot, Arapaho, and Cheyenne Peoples.
Identify:
- Hunting style
Great Plains Indigenous groups that hunted for buffalo on foot.
The Osage, Wichita, and Omaha Peoples
Also Great Plains groups, but more focused around the Mississipi River area. They developed more sedentary and agrarian lifestyles.
Type of Lifestyle Developed by Eastern Indigenous Groups
Mix of agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies which fostered the development of permanent settlements.
Algonquian Peoples
Identify:
- Lifestyle
- Location
- Name origin
Consists of hundreds of Indigenous groups based off the east coast and around the Great Lakes. The name is the language group that these peoples spoke. Typically, they hunted, fished, and grew corn. In more northern areas, it was too cold to grow corn, so they only hunted and fished.
Iroquois League
Identify:
- Location
- Origin of name
- Founding date
- Purpose
- Result
A group of Iroquoian-speaking peoples in present day New York state that made up a confederation to avoid infighting. The founding date is maybe the 15th century (although some oral traditions write that it is earlier). The cohesion allowed them to become one of the most powerful forces in the pre-colonial northeast.
Iroquois League Society
Identify:
- Lifestyle
- Social hierarchy
Most food came from farming, so they settled in permanent villages. They relied on the three sisters of crops and were matrilineal.
Three Sisters of Crops
Corn, Beans, and Squash. These were the most common crops in agrarian Indigenous socities.
Matrilineal Society
Inheritance and descent comes from the mother’s line.
Lifestyle of Socities in the Pacific Northwest
Had advanced economic development and social diversification. They developed a mix of foraging and hunting, and some relied on resources from rivers and the ocean.
Chinook People
Identify:
- Location
- Group diversity
- Lifestyle
- Social structure
Lived along the Columbia River in present day Washington and Oregon. They consisted of several groups that all spoke related languages. They had a high degree of economic and social development. The higher caste of Chinook People, such as shamans, warriors, and merchants, lived seperately from the common people. The common people typically lived in longhouses consisting of 50 or more people.