Patterns of Empire and Resistance (1607-1754)

Question 1

Repartimiento System

Answer 1

Banned Indigenous slavery and mandated that Indigenous laborers had to be paid wages. However, Spain’s colonies still remained highly exploitative - authorities could still require local people to work for Spanish landlords. In many areas, Indigenous slaves were replaced with African ones.

Question 2

Viceroyalty of New Spain

Answer 2

Administrative unit (one of two) that constituted the northern portion of the Spanish Empire, headquartered in Mexico City.

Question 3

Viceroyalty of Peru

Answer 3

Administrative unit (one of two) that constituted the southern portion of the Spanish Empire (Spanish holdings in South America), headquartered in Lima.

Question 4

Catholic Conversion of Indigenous People

Answer 4

Mostly successful, but Indigenous peoples often accepted Jesus amongst local gods; simultaneously, catholic practices were reshaped by Indigenous religion.

Question 5

Style of French and Dutch Colonization

Answer 5

Few French or Dutch actually settled, and the colonies served as trading outposts instead. The colonists often intermarried with Indigenous people in order to create family connections to promote trade.

Question 6

Port Royal

Answer 6

One of the first permanent French settlements (1605) in modern day Nova Scotia, alongside Quebec (1608).

Question 7

Samuel de Champlain

Answer 7

Founder of Quebec

Question 8

Montreal and New Orleans

Answer 8

Montreal was originally a small settlement established in 1642. Colonies like New Orleans were not established until the latter part of the 17th century.

Question 9

French-American Indigenous Diplomacy
Identify:
- Reasons why
- Contrast to British and Spanish colonists

Answer 9

Since there were little French, they relied on diplomacy. Many military officers became fluent in native languages and became well versed in Indigenous diplomacy practices. Officers often married Indigenous women, which helped maintain good relationships with the Indigenous. Despite this, the Indigenous controlled the heart of the American continent. This was in stark contrast to the British and Spanish, who relied on force.

Question 10

Calumet

Answer 10

A long-stemmed pipe that was smoked, part of French diplomacy with Indigenous Groups.

Question 11

Wampum Belts

Answer 11

A type of gift exchanged during French diplomacy with Indigenous Groups.

Question 12

Osage (French Diplomacy)

Answer 12

A group south of the Missouri that accepted some French agents into kinship networks.