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Medicine Through Time > The Medical Renaissance > Flashcards

The Medical Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘Renaissance’ mean?

A

Rebirth

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2
Q

What does ‘Renaissance mean in terms of history?

A

It means the rebirth of Greek and Roman attitudes of observation, enquiry, and investigation.

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3
Q

How did Vesalius get bodies to dissect?

A

He robbed graves

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4
Q

Name the book that Vesalius wrote

A

The Fabric of the Human Body

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5
Q

In what year did Vesalius write his first book?

A

1543

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6
Q

What 3 theories of Galen’s did Vesalius prove wrong?

A

The jaw was made from one bode not two
The breastbone had three parts not seven
That men had the same amount of ribs as women which therefore proved by Bible wrong by saying that Adam gave up one of his ribs to make eve (and therefore men had one less rib).

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7
Q

What did Vesalius show?

A

That doctors could learn so much through human dissection

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8
Q

What did the Church believe about Vesalius’ work?

A

The Church were horrified because as new students were reading his work they started questioning old Roman and Greek teachings, they also started questioning the Bible

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9
Q

How did Vesalius achieve spreading his ideas?

A

His ideas were developed at the same time as the printing press and artists were becoming more interested in drawing details direct from nature. This allowed his ideas and illustrations to be printed in books and spread all across Europe to people who wouldn’t be able (or want) to watch dissections.

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10
Q

Why was Vesalius’ work not completely successful?

A

No one was healthier as a result of his work

Many doctors refused to accept that Galen could be wrong and continued to dissect animals and read old books

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11
Q

Between which years did Vesalius make most of his discoveries?

A

1530s - 1560s

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12
Q

Between which years did Pare make most of his discoveries?

A

1530s - 1560s

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13
Q

How did Pare learn surgery?

A

He was an apprentice to his brother

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14
Q

Why was Pare not considered a ‘proper’ doctor?

A

Because he was a barber surgeon

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15
Q

What was Pare’s idea about treating wounds?

A

When Pare ran out of oil to use the usual method of pouring boiling oil into the wound, he adopted to old method of making a herbal remedy instead

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16
Q

Why was Pare so worried about his new way of treating wounds?

A

Because he didn’t know if it would work, however in the morning his patients were sitting up and feeling better

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17
Q

What did Pare use in his new method of treating wounds?

A

Egg yolk, turpentine and other cold oils

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18
Q

What was Pare’s idea about stopping bleeding?

A

He used silk thread to tie ligatures around arteries instead of sealing it with a red hot iron

19
Q

What was Pare’s last idea?

A

He wrote books on the use of artificial limbs and even an artificial nose.

20
Q

How did Pare achieve his work?

A

Mainly by chance
Printing allowed him to spread his ideas quickly
He learnt by doing and not just by reading books

21
Q

Why was Pare’s work not always safe?

A

Because patients were still susceptible to infection

22
Q

Between which years did Harvey make most of his discoveries?

A

1620s - 1650s

23
Q

Where did Harvey study medicine?

A

Cambridge university

24
Q

What was Harvey’s most important idea?

A

That the blood circulated around the body.

25
Q

Why was blood letting common before Harvey?

A

Because they believed Galen’s theory on blood being made in the liver and therefore thought that there was such a thing as having too much blood

26
Q

What did Harvey’s theories prove?

A

That the heart acted like a pump

That the heart circulated the same blood around the body.

27
Q

How did Harvey find out all his information on the human body and spread it to other people?

A

By experimenting on living people
Showing others by drawing detailed illustrations
Writing his book which proved his point and spread his ideas.

28
Q

Why did Harvey’s discovery change they way people treated illness?

A

Because it meant the body couldn’t have too much blood, so bleeding was irrelevant and dangerous.

29
Q

Why did Harvey face opposition?

A

He needed proof that there were tiny blood vessels which took blood to every part in the body.
But they can’t be seen.
So he needed the invention of better microscopes to prove his theory.
He died before this happened.

30
Q

Even though these amazing advances in Medicine were made, what did People continue to do?

A

Herbal remedies
Visiting wise women
Bleeding

31
Q

What treatments were used for the plague of 1665?

A

Writing abracadabra backwards and forwards
Smoking tobacco
Pare recommended wearing a lucky charm
Putting the bottom of a chicken onto the buboes

32
Q

How did this plague differ though?

A

People were isolated by the authorities by putting crosses on the doors of houses where people were sick

33
Q

In the long term what did the individuals discoveries lead to?

A

Stitches
blood transfusions
Artificial limbs
Medical students dissecting bodies as part of their training

34
Q

How were Doctors improving and getting better reputations?

A

They were trained at universities
They regarded themselves as professional and expert
Tried to protect they reputation by preventing untrained people from practicing as doctors
Hospitals because secular from the Church

35
Q

Why was there a decline of wise women in the Renaissance?

A

In the 1600s many wise women were accused of being witches.

This discouraged women from offering medical care beyond their families

36
Q

Why did male doctors become more involved in childbirth?

A

It because ‘trendy’ for rich women to have a professional doctor to attend to their birth rather than a traditional midwife

37
Q

Who were apothecaries?

A

They made and sold medicines and remedies. They also gave advice to people who visited them

38
Q

Who were quack doctors?

A

Untrained people who sold medicines

39
Q

What was ‘quack’ short for?

A

Quacksalver
Originally the word applied to anyone who sold medicines on the street.
Later ‘quack’ or ‘quackery’ became an insult towards almost any mistrusted doctor or healer

40
Q

When were Quacks around in England?

A

From the 1650s to the early 1800s

41
Q

What were the original quacks like?

A

Market traders

42
Q

How did quacks attract customers?

A

They took their ‘miracle cures’ from town to town.

They played music and also had either a clown or a monkey

43
Q

What happened in the 1700s regarding quacks?

A

People became more wary of them and the professionals said they were worthless or dangerous

44
Q

Why did people use Quack Doctors?

A

Because they sold cheap remedies, whereas trained doctors were expensive

Medicine Through Time (9 decks)

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