The Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Route of seminal fluid

Answer 1

SEVEN UP

Seminiferous tubules

(Rete testis)

Epididymis

Vas deferens

(Ampulla and seminal vesicle adds)

Ejaculatory duct (and prostate adds)

Nothing

Urethra

Penis

Question 2

What do you cut in vasectomy?

Answer 2

Vas deferens

Question 3

What is hydrocele?

Answer 3

Swelling of scrotum

Tunica vaginalis cavity (between parietal and visceral layers) fills with fluid

Question 4

What’s the name for the capsule around the testicals and penis?

Answer 4

Tunica albuginea

Connective tissue

Question 5

What do sertoli cells do and where are they found?

Answer 5

In semimiferous tubules in testis

Prune developing sperms cytoplasm and keep germ cells nourished

Question 6

What are leydig cells and where are they found?

Answer 6

Adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testis

Synthesise sex hormones e.g. testosterone in the presence of LH

Question 7

What is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 7

Begins in scrotum from mediastinum of testis and then descends along spermatic cord in front of vas deferens

Countercurrent exchange system - keep testis at 35dc for spermatogenesis - cools arteries adjacent (surrounds testicular artery)

Venous return for testis along with testicular vein

Question 8

What is varicocele?

Answer 8

Abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus can lead to infertility (valves not working causing backflow blood)

Question 9

What is Bell-clapper deformity and what can it lead to?

Answer 9

When the testicals hang freely in the scrotum (are not attached) this can lead to testicular torsion/ twisting -> cut off blood supply -> necrosis

Question 10

How do the testes descend down

Answer 10

The gubernaculum pulls the testes through the abdominal wall (evaginated) forming the spermatic fascia

Question 11

Which muscles make up the spermatic fascia layers and what do they become?

Answer 11

External oblique -> external spermatic fascia

Internal oblique -> cremasteric fascia

Transversalis fascia -> internal spermatic fascia

Question 12

What structures lie between cremasteric fascia and internal fascia in the spermatic cord?

Answer 12

Cremasteric artery, cremasteric vein and cremasteric nerve (genital branch of Genito-femoral)

Question 13

Hat structures lie within the interval fascia in the spermatic cord?

Answer 13

Testicular artery, testicular vein, nerve to Vas, artery to vas, vein to vas, lymphatics and obliterated processus vaginalis

Question 14

What normally causes urinary symptoms in men and which zone of the prostate?

Answer 14

Prostatic hyperplasia in the transitional zone, compresses the urethra

Question 15

What zone is most likely to have cancers occurring in men’s prostate and why is this a problem?

Answer 15

The anterior zone, no urinary symptoms

Question 16

Which structures help to produce seminal fluid? What are the percentages?

Answer 16

Seminal vesicle - 65% 
Prostate gland- 25% 
Bulbourethral - 1% 
Periurethral glands - 1% 
Epididymis and testicals - 10%

Question 17

What should you do the penis when you want to catherterise and why?

Answer 17

Pull down gently and straighten to remove the 2 kinks in the urethra

Question 18

What are the 3 major blocks of erectile tissue in the penis?

Answer 18

2 blocks of corpus cavemosum anterior (surrounded by tunica albuginea - holds erectile tissue in correct shape)

posterior and middle corpus spongiosum (urethra centre) (surrounded separately but connected by tunica albuginea)

Question 19

How does erection occur?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic stimulation -> vasodilation in penile arterioles and compression of veins = erection

Terminated by sympathetic stimulation -> vasoconstriction arterioles

Ejaculation primarily sympathetic system

Question 20

What can cause impotence?

Answer 20

Micro vascular disease to the internal pudendal artery

Question 21

What is a fractured penis?

Answer 21

Rupture of the tunica albuginea, not treated -> fibrous scar and permanent bend