Anatomy of the female reproductive system Flashcards
Parts of the Fallopian tubes
Fimbria on ovary
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Why do women sometimes get sharp pain on ovulation (iliac fossa pain)?
Mature follicle ruptures through ovarian capsule/ peritoneum
Why are nuns more at risk of getting ovarian cancer?
More ovulation
Repeated rupture of the ovarian capsule
Mitosis
Cancer
Where are gametes formed in the ovary?
Ovarian surface (germinal) epithelium
How might a patient with an ovarian cyst present?
Bloating Torsion of the ovary -> pain, dyspareunia Dull ache lower back/ thighs Problems emptying the bladder/ bowel Unexplained weight gain Unusual PV bleeding Dysmenorrhea
Where in the female reproductive system is there the highest cause of malignancy?
Transitional zone
Between cervix and vagina
Epithelium change from columnar to squamous stratified
Highest chance of HPV (genital warts or cancer or harmless)
What can you see when you look at the cervix through a hysteroscope?
External Os of cervix and fornix of vagina
What is cervical ectropion? Why might you have it? Symptoms?
Cells from the cervical canal (glandular/ columnar epithelium) are present on the outside of the vaginal portion of the cervix.
This can occur if you are on the combined oral contraceptive of pregnant or randomly
May cause spotting, discharge, pain during or after sex, fornix of vagina and external Os will look swollen and erythematous on examination
What does cervical cancer look like on a hsyteroscope?
White lumpy areas and blood
What problems can pregnancy growth of the uterus cause and why?
Becomes a pelvic to an abdominal structure
Can compress bladder - urinary frequency
Can compress anus - constipation
Can get GI reflux - stomach compression
Pain- stretching of the broad ligament and uterosacral ligament
Where do the ovum get released?
Into the peritoneal cavity and then the fimbria have to catch them
Where is the peritoneum found in the female reproductive system?
Coats all the organs and forms folds= pouches
Connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis
Another name = broad ligament
What pouches are present in the female Rs?
Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
Vesico-uterine pouch (bladder)
Peritoneal ligaments of the uterus and ovary
Broad ligament - peritoneal fold (maintains position and acts as a Mesentery)
Round ligament- uterine folds -> deep inguinal ring -> inguinal canal -> labia majora -> mix with mon pubis tissue
Remnants of the gubernaculum (maintains anteflexion of the uterus during pregnancy)
Suspensory ligament of ovary - ovary-> pelvic wall (maintains position)
What are the three sections of the broad ligament?
Mesosalpinx - under Fallopian tubes from ovary
Mesometrium- Mesentery of uterus, majority of BL
Mesovarium - Mesentery of ovary, suspends the ovary from roof of abdominal cavity (doesn’t cover ovaries)
