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Block 6 Week 1 > The Major Histocompatibility Complex -Hudig > Flashcards

The Major Histocompatibility Complex -Hudig Flashcards

1
Q

(blank) is often associated with HLA B27

Immobility/consolidation with inflammation of the vertebrae

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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2
Q

What do you call the allelic differences among MHC genes in human?

A

HLA

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3
Q

T or F, the very same proteins that prevent transplantation are the proteins that present foreign peptide antigens to T cells.

A

T

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4
Q

What is this:

a site on a chromosome where a gene is located

A

gene locus

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5
Q

What do you call a site on a chromosome where a gene is located?

A

gene locus

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6
Q

What is this:

variant forms of a gene that occupy one gene locus

A

alleles

I.e HLA-A11 is an allele of HLA-A locus. HLA-A34 is another allele

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7
Q

What makes up a MHC class I protein?

A

MHC class I alpha + beta2microglobulin

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8
Q

What is this:

a protein associated with MHC 1 proteins, gene outside MHC complex

A

Beta2 microglobulin

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9
Q

What makes up a MHC class II proteins?

A

MHC class II alpha and beta protein chains

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10
Q

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large multigene complex on chromosome (blank)

A

6

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11
Q

There are (blank) classes of MHC (HLA) genes, all of which are found on chromosome 6. What are they?

A 
3
MHC class I
MHC class II
MHC class III
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12
Q

Which 2 MHC class proteins are multi-genic?

A

1/2

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13
Q

What does multigenic mean?

A

that there is more than 1 locus

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14
Q

What are the three loci that MHC class 1 have?

A

 A - 800+ alleles
 B – 1400+ alleles
 C – 500 + alleles

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15
Q

Are CD1 proteins MHC proteins?

A

nope

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16
Q 
What is the structure of MHC class 2 proteins?
Since MHC Class II proteins are multigenic, what are its loci?
A 
class 2 alpha chain
class 2 beta chain
•	3 loci
o	DP
	One beta one alpha
o	DQ
	One beta one alpha
o	DR
	Two beta one alpha
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17
Q

Does MHC get inherited with crossing over?

A

no!

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18
Q

What is this:

pretty invarient, few alleles, complement C2, C4, TNF alpha are here

A

MHC class III

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19
Q

Which MHC classes are recognized as not self when transplanted w/in one species?

A

CLass 1 and 2

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20
Q

What does multiallelic mean?

A

many alleles for a single locus in a population

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21
Q

What does polymorphic mean

A

many alleles frequently used in the population

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22
Q

WHat does multigenic mean?

A

more than one locus for the family of proteins (e.g HLA class I A,B and C are different genes)

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23
Q

(blank) is multiallelic, multigenic, and expressed co-dominantly

A

MHC class I

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24
Q

Everyone pretty much as the same (blank) and very differen MHC class I and 2

A

MHC class 3

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25
Q

What is an antigenic MHC?

A

it is when an MHC gets transplanted into someone else and it is not an exact match so it is considered an antigen

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26
Q

Each MHC allele can bind thousands of different (blank) because of their different shaped clefts

A

peptides

27
Q

The MHC class I (blank) chain forms a peptide-binding cleft.

A

Alpha

28
Q

THe MHC class I cleft holds on (blank) long peptides

A

9-11 AA

29
Q

Each MHC allelic protein will hold (the same/ different) peptides

A

different

30
Q

Peptides larger than 11 AAs will not fit in the (blank) clefts

A

MHC1 clefts

31
Q

The peptides fit into the MHC1 cleft by (blank) anchoring of several amino acids of the peptides into the cleft.

A

non-covalent

32
Q

MHC I allelic variation maximizes antigenic peptide presentation in the human population. T or F

A

T

33
Q

A person who inherited MHC I alleles that are unable to bind any influenze peptids is (blank)

A

SOL re flu

34
Q

(blank) proteins are always present on APCs, missing on other cells and inducible (by gamma interferon) in endothelial cels during inflammation

A

MHC class II

35
Q

MHC II is open ended and can hold (blank) peptides

A

large

36
Q

MHC Class II is also (blank) and (blank)

A

multigenic and multiallelic

37
Q

What are the 3 MHC II genes?

A

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

38
Q

What is a butterfly rash indicative of?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients

39
Q

MHC (blank) proteins are found on; T cells, B Cells, Macrophages, other APCs, epithelial cells of the thymus, neutrophils, hepatocytes, kidney, and brain cells.

MHC (blank) proteins are found on; T cells, B cells, macrophages, other APCs and epithelial cells of the thymus (They are not on neutrophils, hepatocytes, kidney or brain cells. )

A 
class I
class II
40
Q

What HLA allele is associated with ankylosing spondylitis?

A

B27

41
Q

What HLA allele is associated with Type I diabetes?

A

DR3, DR4, DQ8

42
Q

What HLA allele is associatd with systemic lupus erythematosis?

A

DR2

43
Q

Why are MHC I and MHC II barriers to organ transplantation?

A

MHC I and MHC II antigens are too well recognized and provoke adaptive immunity in pnt
Mismatch of ABO blood group antigens (»» HLA class II > HLA class I&raquo_space;minor histocompatibility antigens
)

44
Q

What is an autograft?

A

tissue grafted within one person, or between genetically identical mice or twin (100% successful)

45
Q

What is an allograft?

A

tisue grafted between HLA (& other loci) alogeneic individuals (usually rejected within 2 weeks w/out immunosuppression)

46
Q

Graft rejection is caused by T cells responding to (blanK)

A

alloantigens (foreign antigens)

47
Q

If you have complete HLA matching will your graft work perfectly?

A

no because there are still other genetic differences that support graft rejection

48
Q

(blank) have a high frequency of recognition of foreign MHC molecule, greater than the frequency of responses to self MHC and a foreign peptide antigen.

A

T cell receptors

49
Q

THe MHC III genes are mostly (blank)

A

nonallelic :)

50
Q

What are haplotypes?

A

linked sets of genes usually inherited as one unit

51
Q

How are haplotypes inherited?

A

one from each parent :)

52
Q

Each person has 2 chromosome 6s and 2 MHC halotypes

:) T or F

A

Truth

53
Q

HLA haplotypes are usually inherited as a (blank)

A

single unit

54
Q

(blank) are made by several bacteria including staph which produce the superantigens (blank) and (Blank)

A

enterotoxin

toxic shock syndrome

55
Q

Why do we call some antigens superantigens?

A

Because they bind to a very large number of T cells and trigger massive T cell responses

56
Q

Superantigens bind to 2 sites simultaneously, what are they?

A

MHCII chains and TCR VbetaS

57
Q

What is Vbeta2?

A

It is part of the receptor encoded by one of the V minigenes of the TCR beta chain.

58
Q

Superantigens bypass normal MHC II antigen presentation. How do they bind instead?

A

Bind to MHC II outside the peptide-binding groove

59
Q

Do superantigens need to bind a foreign antigen in MHC II and have their peptides processed to be recognized?

A

no, instead they bind to TCV vbetas.

60
Q

How many superantigens can bind to a certain TCR VbetaS?

A

one

61
Q

What does the cytokine release caused by superantigens cause?

A

toxic shock syndrome and staph food poisoning

62
Q

What causes rapid food poisoning?

A

the superantigen staphylococci enterotoxin

63
Q

Superantigens cause a whirlwind release of cytokines, what are these?

A

IFN gamma, TH1 cells (which increases production of IL-1 from the macrophages)

64
Q

Diarrheal diseases account for approx. 2 milllion deaths/year among children less than 5. (2nd most common cause of child deaths worldwide)
THis is caused by (Blank)

A

superantigens

Block 6 Week 1 (13 decks)

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