Intro to Immune System-Hunter

Question 1

What causes malaria?

Answer 1

plasmodium

Question 2

What is ancylostoma?

Answer 2

hook worms (blood worms)

Question 3

What is the single most important thing that happened to medicine?

Answer 3

vaccinations

Question 4

Is innate immunity rapid or slow?

Answer 4

rapid

Question 5

What is innate immunity?

Answer 5

it is preexisitng and does not need to be turned on, following an infection, this branch of the immune system will rapidly and immediately remove the infectious agent.

Question 6

In innate immunity, recognition is performed (specifically/ nonspecifically/ broadly specifically)

Answer 6

nonspecifically and broadly specifically

Question 7

If you have a highly virulent pathogen, what kind of immune response do you use?

Answer 7

early induced innate reponse

Question 8

How does the early induced innate response recognize a pathogen?

Answer 8

with recognition of a microbial-associated molecular pattern/

Question 9

How long does it take for the early induced innate response to work?

Answer 9

4-96 hours

Question 10

How does the early induced innate response work?

Answer 10

it recognizes a microbrial associated molecular pattern that will result in increased inflammation recruitmen and activation of effector cells which will remove the infectious agent

Question 11

What happens if the pathogenic agent is too much for the early induced innate response to handle?

Answer 11

it is handed off to he adaptive immune response

Question 12

What kind of cells does the adaptive immune system have?

Answer 12

lymphoid cells

Question 13

How long does it take for the adaptive immune response to start?

Answer 13

96 hours

Question 14

When you have never seen a specific infection before, what immune system kicks in?

Answer 14

the adaptive immune response

Question 15

How does the adaptive immune system work?

Answer 15

transports antigen to lymphoid organ where it is recognized by B and T cells and then clonal expansion and differentiation to effector cells will remove agent.

Question 16

All cells of the immune system arise from where?

Answer 16

the bone marrow

Question 17

What happens if you wipe out the bone marrow in person?

Answer 17

that person no longer has an immune system

Question 18

What kind of stem cells are hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 18

pluripotential

Question 19

What does it mean to be pluripotential?

Answer 19

ability to give rise to a large number of lineages of cells

Question 20

What 2 cell lineages of the immune system do hematopoetic cells give rise to?

Answer 20

common lymphoid progenitor and common myelooid progenitor

Question 21

Most of the myeloid cells active in (blank) immunity

Answer 21

innate

Question 22

Most of the lymphoid cells are active in (blank) immunity

Answer 22

adaptive

Question 23

(common myeloid/ common lymphoid) begin in the bone morrow and will travel into the blood and then into the tissues where they are long living and act as a surveillance for microbial insults.

Answer 23

Common myeloid

Question 24

What are the two most important types of common lymphoid cells?

Answer 24

B cells (one kind) and T cells (many flavors)

Question 25

When stimulated to do so, what will B cells make? How will the do this?

Answer 25

antibodies | by turning into plasma cells

Question 26

What can NK cells do? Are they part of the adaptive or innate immunity?

Answer 26

kill viruses | innate immunity

Question 27

What kind of cell is polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)?

Answer 27

neutrophil

Question 28

What are granulocytic myeloid lineage cells?

Answer 28

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 29

What will monocytes turn into?

Answer 29

macrophages

Question 30

What cells are important for orchestrating the adaptive immune response?

Answer 30

dendritic cells

Question 31

What cell kills antibody coated parasites through released of granule contents/

Answer 31

eosinophils

Question 32

What cell controls the immune response to parasites?

Answer 32

basophils

Question 33

What cell phagocytizes and kills microoganisms?

Answer 33

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 34

What cell helps with platelet formation and wound repair?

Answer 34

megakaryocytes

Question 35

What cell phagocytosizes and kills microorganisms and activates T cells and initiates the immune response?

Answer 35

macrophages

Question 36

What cell activates T cells and initiates adaptive immune response?

Answer 36

dendritic cell

Question 37

What cell allows for the expulsion of parasites from the body through the release of granules containing histamine and other active agents?

Answer 37

mast cells

Question 38

Which or more crucial T cells or B cells?

Answer 38

T cells beacuse you cant make B cells work without them

Question 39

Where do T cells originate? where do they mature?

Answer 39

bone marrow | thymus

Question 40

T or F, the immune system has a vascular system?

Answer 40

T, the lymphatic system

Question 41

How do we get microorganims out of the tissue and into the blood to get rid of the microorganisms?

Answer 41

via the lymphatic system and lymph nodes

Question 42

Is the spleen calm or reactive?

Answer 42

reactive, it is made predominantly of immune cells

Question 43

What organ is the greatest blood flow of any organ in the body and deals with blood infection?

Answer 43

spleen

Question 44

Is the spleen a central or peripheral lymphatic organ

Answer 44

peripheral

Question 45

What are the 2 central lymphatic organs?

Answer 45

bone marrow and thymus

Question 46

what are the peripheral lymphoid tissues?

Answer 46

``` lymphatic system lymph nodes spleen mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) adenoids and tonsils ```

Question 47

What is the largest component of the immune system?

Answer 47

MALT

Question 48

What does MALT do?

Answer 48

separates the microbial world form the internal body (represents 75% of the immune system)

Question 49

What kind of immune response do T cells give?

Answer 49

cell-mediated immune response

Question 50

What kind of immune response do B cells give?

Answer 50

antibody response

Question 51

What happens to your thymus after puberty?

Answer 51

it begins to atrophy

Question 52

The architecture of the thymus helps to eliminate T cells that are unable to do what?

Answer 52

self-discriminate

Question 53

What is the function of the thymus?

Answer 53

Bring nascent T cells and allows them to mature and be sent out to the body

Question 54

How does the architecture of the lymph node kill microorganisms?

Answer 54

lymph flow in, signals to dendritic cells which activate T cells which activate b cells and make some antibodies

Question 55

Where will the adaptive immune response ensue?

Answer 55

in the spleen

Question 56

What happens if you dont have a spleen?

Answer 56

you can live but your are highly susceptible to infection | i.e immunodeficient

Question 57

How are most cases of congenital asplenia inherited?

Answer 57

autosomal dominant pattern

Question 58

How can you find if someone doesnt have a spleen?

Answer 58

injection of radioactive colloidal gold

Question 59

Whta defends the mucosal surfaces where the vast majority of pathogens gain acess to the body?

Answer 59

MALT

Question 60

What two components are a part of MALT?

Answer 60

GALT and BALT

Question 61

T or F | Your adaptive immune system does not mke T cells or B cells specific for microorganisms

Answer 61

T, it just makes an unlimited repetoire, some of which will recognize microorganisms

Question 62

T or F, in adaptive immunity, the immune response gets better with time

Answer 62

True!!

Question 63

Describe the recogntition mechanism of innate immunity

Answer 63

rapid response, fixed genome, limited specificity, constant reponse (no change)

Question 64

Describe the recognition mechanism of adaptive immunity

Answer 64

slow response (days to weeks), variable (not genome encoded), a lot of highly selective specificites, and improvement during the response

Question 65

Do they innate and adaptive immune systems work together?

Answer 65

yes

Question 66

Can you turn on an adaptive immune response without an innate response?

Answer 66

NO!

Question 67

What kind of communication is ths: | a release of a mediator that travels a great distance to affect another cell

Answer 67

endocrine

Question 68

What kind of communication is this: | a release of a mediator to surrounding cells to create an affect

Answer 68

paracrine

Question 69

What kind of communication is this: | cells must be in the same location at the same time and must interact to create an affect (receptor-ligand interactions)

Answer 69

cell-cell contact

Question 70

(blank) recognizes antigens presented by professional antigen presenting cells.

Answer 70

Adaptive immunity

Question 71

What is this prinicple: huge repertoire of B cells and T cells (adaptive immune system) and the receptors are generated randomly in huge numbers that allows the body to identify microbial pathogens. There are cells that are also generated to recognize self. There is a process where self recognizing cells are eliminated so they wll not react to self and thus not damage your own body. The cell that recognizes a microbe will turn on and proliferate to be able to destroy microbe.

Answer 71

Clonal selection

Question 72

Where are self reactive cells eliminated?

Answer 72

thymus

Question 73

how come, when you are infected by a microbe you were already infected by previously, you will not get as sick?

Answer 73

immunological memory

Question 74

If you are exposed by an infectious agent, what would a normal response be? What about a deficient response?

Answer 74

protective immunity | recurrent infection

Question 75

If you are exposed to an innocuous substance, what would a normal response be? What about a deficient response?

Answer 75

allergy | no response

Question 76

If you are given a grafted organ, what is a normal response? What about a deficient response?

Answer 76

Rejection | acceptance

Question 77

If you are given a self organ, what is a normal response? What about a deficient response?

Answer 77

Autoimmunity | self-tolerance

Question 78

If you have a tumor, what is a normal response? what about a deficient response?

Answer 78

tumor immunity | cancer

Question 79

The (blank) evolved to recognize and protect against infectious agents that enter our bodies through various portals and live extracellularly or intracellularly

Answer 79

immune system

Question 80

Cells of the innate and adaptive immune system derive from hematopoietic precursors in the

Answer 80

bone marrow

Question 81

Most of the cells involved in innate immunity, including the critically important phagocytic cells, derive from the (blank) cell lineage

Answer 81

myeloid

Question 82

(blank) on innate cells distinguish harmless self from from harmful non-self and induce inflammation

Answer 82

Genomically encoded pattern recognition receptors

Question 83

Antigen-presenting cells, especially (blank) cells, initiate adaptive immune responses

Answer 83

dendritic

Question 84

(blank), which mature in the bone marrow or thymus, are the principal cells of adaptive immunity and generate non-genomically encoded pathogen recognition receptors of remarkable diversity

Answer 84

Lymphocytes

Question 85

What are the central lymphoid tissues? | What are the peripheral lymphoid tissues?

Answer 85

The central lymphoid tissues include the bone marrow and thymus, and the peripheral lymphoid tissues include lymph nodes, spleen, and the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Question 86

What are the central priniciples of adaptive immunity

Answer 86

Self tolerance, clonal selection, and memory are the central principles of adaptive immunity

Question 87

Lymphocytes activated by pathogens differentiate into (blank) or (blank) cells

Answer 87

effector or memory cells

Question 88

(blank) immunity is comprised of B lymphocyte-mediated humoral responses (antibodies) and T lymphocyte-mediated cellular responses

Answer 88

Adaptive