The Maintenance Of Political Stability: Institutional Developments

Question 1

What did the monarchy do to uphold the maintenance of stability?

Answer 1

The monarch was the source of unity and authority in kingdom
The monarch was directly responsible for the protection of his or her subjects
The monarch was responsible for ensuring the laws of the lands was upheld
The march held power from god and, as Henry VIII proclaimed, owed allegiance to no one else

Question 2

What did those in authority stress to set their authority and respect for the monarchy?

Answer 2

The Great Chain of Being

Question 3

What did all Tudor monarchs recognise they had to enhance if they were to be effective rulers?

Answer 3

Their respect and aura surrounding the monarchy

Question 4

From 1534 what did both spiritual and lay office holder have to swear?

Answer 4

Oath of allegiance and supremacy and under Edward and Elizabeth oaths of uniformity, though not under Mary

Question 5

How many proclamations were used throughout the period?

Answer 5

900, increasing more throughout the period

Question 6

What proclamation did King Henry VII issue in 1509?

Answer 6

A promotion to end speculation surrounding the claims of a pretender, with copies sent to every county, where the message was read out in parish churches and marketplaces

Question 7

What was the most important weapon in the Tudor armoury?

Answer 7

Propaganda

Question 8

What sort of propaganda did King Henry VII use?

Answer 8

Burgundian-style court with its lavish display and entertainment impressed foreign visitors and English nobles, with his servants in his coat of arms and royal badges

Question 9

What sort of propaganda did King Henry VIII use?

Answer 9

Henry VIII preferred more visual imagery to highlight his physicality, wealth and imperial bearing, with coin that ported a ‘closed’ crown were minted to show Henry’s ‘imperatur’ status

Question 10

Why did Edward and Mary not glamorise the monarchy to the same degree as other Tudor monarchs?

Answer 10

As Edward was a sickly boy and Mary an introverted women and were not suitable subjects, though Edward was portrayed in paintings in the image of his father and Mary’s image on her Great Seals reflected a regal bearing

Question 11

What did Elizabeth do most summers?

Answer 11

Listed royal castles and Monroe houses, stayed with country gentry, hunted with her nobility and travelled to provincial towns

Question 12

Where did Elizabeth build up a strong rapport?

Answer 12

Southern, central and eastern England

Question 13

In Elizabethan England what were offices sold for?

Answer 13

Unbending service and obedience for the monarch

Question 14

In Elizabethan England how many nobles, courtiers and gentry were there?

Answer 14

2500

Question 15

What did King Henry VII use the Church for?

Answer 15

Henry looked to his bishops for advice and assistance in administering the realm and appointed the zaechbsishop his Chancellor, with his accession being annotated with holy oil and crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and imbued with divine authority

Question 16

Until 1529 what did Henry VIII use as his administers, advisers and diplomats?

Answer 16

Clerics with Bishops Warham, Fox and Tunstall were key real servants but paled in significance compared to Wosley

Question 17

What action by Kung Henry VIII actually strengthen Church-Crown relations?

Answer 17

King Henry’s VIII divorce and subsequent break from Rome

Question 18

Who was the only clergyman to hold a political office under Mary, Edward and Elizabeth/

Answer 18

Cardinal Pole as Lord Chancellor under May for a brief period as the clergy’s role was as law enforcers, which had been of vital importance before the fall of Wolsey

Question 19

What role did the church play at parish level?

Answer 19

A vital role in local politics, admisnting poor relief and tackling social problems

Question 20

When did the Church gain much of the public, even those who did not attend church, and spread messages against disobedience?

Answer 20

Feast days and Sunday sermons

Question 21

How many sessions of parliament did King Henry VII have during his 24 year reign?

Answer 21

7 sessions

Question 22

How many sessions of parliament did Queen Elizabeth have during her 45 year reign?

Answer 22

13 sessions

Question 23

What was the main purpose of the parliament in Tudor times?

Answer 23

To vote the Crown financial grants and discuss bills that royal councillors and MPs had proposed

Question 24

Which nobles were tried in parliament by their peers?

Answer 24

Hussey and Darcy (1537), Suffolk (1554), Dacre (1570), Northumberland (1572) and Essex (1601)

Question 25

How many Acts of parliament did King Henry VII pass?

Answer 25

138 Acts

Question 26

What was the root cause of such violence and disorder under ring Henry VII?

Answer 26

Illegal refining

Question 27

What are examples that confirm King Henry VII wanted support from parliament?

Answer 27

The Star Chamber Act, Act of Livery and Maintenance and subsequent Statue of Liveries

Question 28

What reforms in the 1530s did Cromwell and Henry VIII implement through parliament?

Answer 28

Religious and political reforms, which ensured mammal resistance and considerable reform, leading to existing religious laws had to first be approved by parliament

Question 29

In the 1550s what did the House of Commons provide a forum for?

Answer 29

A forum for grievances and concerns of the gentry and nobles

Question 30

What was some patriotic Acts formed by some MPs to protect the Queen from Catholic plots?

Answer 30

The Act to retain the Queen's Majesty's subjects in their due obedience (1581) and the Act for gather Queen' Safety (1584)

Question 31

Why did many men want to become a MP during Elizabethan's reign, though not before?

Answer 31

Because before there was no salary, and had to travel to London and much of the parliamentary business held little interest, which changed during the Elizabethan era

Question 32

How many were normally in attendance of King Henry VII's Privy council?

Answer 32

Around 20 councillors

Question 33

How many were normally in attendance of Edward and Mary's Privy council?

Answer 33

Around 30 to 40 members

Question 34

How many were normally in attendance of Elizabeth's Privy council?

Answer 34

Around 20 to fewer than 12, with 5 or 6 doing most of the work, with daily meeting by 1603

Question 35

What were 2 leading councils?

Answer 35

Council of Wales and the Council of the North

Question 36

What was the 2 main courts under there Tudors?

Answer 36

Common law courts and prerogative courts

Question 37

What are some examples of prerogative courts?

Answer 37

Star Chambers, Requests and Chancery which had no jury, gave rulings according to the evidence presented to the king's councillors and flourished during the Tudor period

Question 38

When was martial law used?

Answer 38

1537-1537, 1549, 1569

Question 39

What was the punishment for spreading rumour of King Henry VII's death?

Answer 39

Whipping, imprisionment and public declamation

Question 40

When did rumour-monegring become a felony?

Answer 40

1542

Question 41

What was extend in the 1530s with treasons to include taking the oath of supremacy and critiquing Henry's marriage?

Answer 41

Act of Succession

Question 42

Which monarch after Henry VIII extended the Treason Act further?

Answer 42

Elizabeth

Question 43

How did Elizabeth keep informed of developments at county levels?

Answer 43

Special commissions

Question 44

By the end of the period how many JPs did each county have on average, considering they had fewer than 10 in 1485?

Answer 44

Around 50

Question 45

Which role had a decline and which role had a rise under the Tudors?

Answer 45

Sheriff declined while lords lieutenants rose becoming a regular feature in county administrations

Question 46

What Act was passed in 1572 to improve upon county militia?

Answer 46

The Militia Act

Question 47

By the late 1580s how many trained bands did England have ready for active service?

Answer 47

26,000