Economic And Social Causes Of Rebellion - Enclosures

Question 1

What are 3 rebellion where enclosure can be a cause of the rebellion, though not always a major one?

Answer 1

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), Kett Rebellion (1549) and Oxfordshire Rising (1596)

Question 2

What article in the Pontefract articles in 1536 cited enclosure as a cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 2

Item 13

Question 3

In the build up to the Pilgrimage of Grace how many people at Giggleswick in Yorkshire pulled down hedges and riots and where else were there riots about enclosure?

Answer 3

300 people and riots at Fressington in Cumberland

Question 4

During the Pilgrimage of Grace which Earl had their lands attacked due to them being a notorious landlord?

Answer 4

Earl of Cumberland

Question 5

Which articles of ‘Kett’s Demands Being in Rebellion’ of July 1549 were about unlawful enclosures?

Answer 5

Articles 1 and 3

Question 6

What had sparked the rebels into revolting in the Kett rebellion?

Answer 6

The allegations that the landlords had been deliberately obstructing a government commission that was investigating illegal enclosures

Question 7

Where else, other than Norfolk, did riots occur in 1549 with hedge-breaking and similar themes though not open rebellion?

Answer 7

Sussex, Kent, Cambridgeshire, the Midlands and South-West counties

Question 8

Why did many tenet farmer in Norfolk actually favour enclosure?

Answer 8

Because it denied their landlords the ancient right of folding their sheep and cattle on the tenants’ arable field and only opposed enclosure when they were denied this practice

Question 9

In the Kett rebellion what did the Landowners use the law to stop the gentry from doing?

Answer 9

Putting large numbers of animals on the common land

Question 10

In the 1540s peasants from Hingham and Great Dunham had tried to prosecute their landlords for grazing animals on common land but didn’t have any success why did they not ave success?

Answer 10

Because the magistrates were often landlords themselves or landlord sympathies

Question 11

During the ‘year of commotion’ why did disturbances happen in Somerset?

Answer 11

When open fields were converted into deer park

Question 12

During the ‘year of commotion’ what did peasants do in Wilton in Wiltshire?

Answer 12

They removed Lord Herbert’s hedges that he had put up common land

Question 13

During the ‘year of commotion’ why did serious riots nearly occur in Sussex?

Answer 13

When Earl of Arundel forced ‘certain gentlemen, and chiefly for enclosure’ to dismantle their hedges

Question 14

Nationally how much of land was enclosed during the Tudors?

Answer 14

3%

Question 15

How much of land was enclosed in Leicestershire under the Tudors?

Answer 15

30%

Question 16

Why was their pressure on land for food and work in the second half of the Tudor period?

Answer 16

As population levels increased more land is needed for food and work and enclosures was seen by the distressed groups as a cause of their grief

Question 17

By the 1590s what was replacing communal cooperation?

Answer 17

Private profit

Question 18

What was another reason, other than lack of food and poor harvest, behind the food riots in 1595?

Answer 18

Allegations that common lands had been fenced off

Question 19

Why did the government in 1593 feel confident that the restrictions on enclosing open fields, that had been in place for nearly half a century, could be lifted?

Answer 19

‘Because of the great plenty and cheapness of grain’

Question 20

After the Tudor reign what’s a revolt showing that enclosures could be a cause of rebellion in the future?

Answer 20

Midland revolt (1607)

Question 21

In what years where there the most serious crop failures?

Answer 21

1555-1556 and 1596-1597

Question 22

What years had good harvests and rebellions near there dates?

Answer 22

1536, 1546-1548 and 1567-1568

Question 23

What percentage of the population died in 1555 and 1556 when the worst harvest of the 16th century and an influenza epidemic broke out, though no uprisings or stirrings?

Answer 23

6%

Question 24

What did William Cecil say about shortages of food leading to unrest?

Answer 24

‘Nothing will sooner lead men into sedition than dearth of victual’

Question 25

When was the ‘great sweat’ which is known to kill thousands?

Answer 25

1551

Question 26

How many did London lose to outbreaks and plague during 1963?

Answer 26

20,000

Question 27

When and where were cities hit with plague and the English ‘sweat’?

Answer 27

Bristol in 1565 and 1575, Hull in 1575-1576 and 1582 and Norwich may have lost 10% of its citizens in 1579-1580

Question 28

How much of the population lived in the countryside and how were they affected by disease?

Answer 28

90% lived in the countryside where disease was rarer as urban areas were more dense

Question 29

Why would people often make poor rebels or farmers stay home in widespread dearth or famine?

Answer 29

To look after their cattle or to harvest their crops

Question 30

Where and when did food riots occur in the last two decades of Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 30

Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Somerset in 1586 and Kent and Essex in 1595 and Sussex, Norfolk, Kent and the south-west in 1596