Economic And Social Causes Of Rebellion - Enclosures Flashcards
What are 3 rebellion where enclosure can be a cause of the rebellion, though not always a major one?
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), Kett Rebellion (1549) and Oxfordshire Rising (1596)
What article in the Pontefract articles in 1536 cited enclosure as a cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Item 13
In the build up to the Pilgrimage of Grace how many people at Giggleswick in Yorkshire pulled down hedges and riots and where else were there riots about enclosure?
300 people and riots at Fressington in Cumberland
During the Pilgrimage of Grace which Earl had their lands attacked due to them being a notorious landlord?
Earl of Cumberland
Which articles of ‘Kett’s Demands Being in Rebellion’ of July 1549 were about unlawful enclosures?
Articles 1 and 3
What had sparked the rebels into revolting in the Kett rebellion?
The allegations that the landlords had been deliberately obstructing a government commission that was investigating illegal enclosures
Where else, other than Norfolk, did riots occur in 1549 with hedge-breaking and similar themes though not open rebellion?
Sussex, Kent, Cambridgeshire, the Midlands and South-West counties
Why did many tenet farmer in Norfolk actually favour enclosure?
Because it denied their landlords the ancient right of folding their sheep and cattle on the tenants’ arable field and only opposed enclosure when they were denied this practice
In the Kett rebellion what did the Landowners use the law to stop the gentry from doing?
Putting large numbers of animals on the common land
In the 1540s peasants from Hingham and Great Dunham had tried to prosecute their landlords for grazing animals on common land but didn’t have any success why did they not ave success?
Because the magistrates were often landlords themselves or landlord sympathies
During the ‘year of commotion’ why did disturbances happen in Somerset?
When open fields were converted into deer park
During the ‘year of commotion’ what did peasants do in Wilton in Wiltshire?
They removed Lord Herbert’s hedges that he had put up common land
During the ‘year of commotion’ why did serious riots nearly occur in Sussex?
When Earl of Arundel forced ‘certain gentlemen, and chiefly for enclosure’ to dismantle their hedges
Nationally how much of land was enclosed during the Tudors?
3%
How much of land was enclosed in Leicestershire under the Tudors?
30%
Why was their pressure on land for food and work in the second half of the Tudor period?
As population levels increased more land is needed for food and work and enclosures was seen by the distressed groups as a cause of their grief
By the 1590s what was replacing communal cooperation?
Private profit
What was another reason, other than lack of food and poor harvest, behind the food riots in 1595?
Allegations that common lands had been fenced off
Why did the government in 1593 feel confident that the restrictions on enclosing open fields, that had been in place for nearly half a century, could be lifted?
‘Because of the great plenty and cheapness of grain’
After the Tudor reign what’s a revolt showing that enclosures could be a cause of rebellion in the future?
Midland revolt (1607)
In what years where there the most serious crop failures?
1555-1556 and 1596-1597
What years had good harvests and rebellions near there dates?
1536, 1546-1548 and 1567-1568
What percentage of the population died in 1555 and 1556 when the worst harvest of the 16th century and an influenza epidemic broke out, though no uprisings or stirrings?
6%
What did William Cecil say about shortages of food leading to unrest?
‘Nothing will sooner lead men into sedition than dearth of victual’
