How Did Tudor Governments Deal With Rebellion: Propaganda, Pre-Emptive Measure, Troops And Fate Of Rebels Flashcards
Who did Cromwell employ in 1536 to condemn the rebellion?
A team of writers, one being Richard Morrison, who attacked the rebels in his pamphlet ‘A Lamentation in Which is Showed What Ruin and Destruction Cometh of Seditious Rebellion’, where he declared ‘obedience is the badge of a Christian man’
What was a wild exaggeration used on the 10th of October 1536 by the king to try and disperse the rebels?
That Suffolk was gathering a 100,000-strong army which he would command
What did Henry pen that defended his polices and minsters to the rebels of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
‘Answers to the Rebels’
In what area did Thomas Cranmer attack the Western rebels?
Their religious ignorance and brazen effrontery, comparing them to magpies and parrots, ‘be taught to speak and yet understood not one word what they say’
Which Devon Protestant was commissioned to write a lengthy criticism of the Western rebels articles and on what grounds did he condemn them for?
Phillip Nichols, on moral and religious grounds
Who wrote propaganda in which he compared the conduct of Exeter and Norwich?
John Cheek with ‘The Hurt of Sedition’
Why did writing polemics against rebellions have limited impact?
Few coyly reads and rebels were not interested in lessons on morality
What else than polemics did the government use to persuade rebels to disperse and what was their impact?
Speeches and sermons and they had only a limited impact
Who did Somerset advise, and they were taken, to join Russell in East Devon to confront the Western rebels?
A handful of Protestant preachers
What pre-emptive measure did Henry take in 1487 to help against the Simnel and Cornish rising rebellions?
He printed, translated and got a papal bull publicly proclaimed by the clergy and produced some papal condemnations on the eve of the Battle of Stoke (Simnel) and at Blackheath (Cornish rising)
What pre-emptive measure did Henry take against Warbeck?
Put pressure on diplomats to deny him political support wherever he went in the 1490s, which led to Charles VIII of France expelling him and trade sanctions put on Burgundy until he was ejected
What did Henry do in the Summer of 1943 domestically?
He went to Warwickshire to inform potential troublemakers that there was no future in supporting Warbeck and 15 counties were under suspicion and investigated by commissioners
What happened when Warbeck tried to invade England?
Henry was ready for him and caught and hung 51, while a further 150 were put on trial, as Henry preferred to be on the move he prepared and was well positioned
Who did Mary’s Councillors interrogate and identify the main leaders when they first heard whispers of a conspiracy to depose her in December 1553?
They interrogated Sir Edward Courtenay and identified Carew, Suffolk, Croft and Wyatt as the main leaders
What pre-emptive measure did Mary’s council use to denounce the Wyatt rebellion and what was the consequences?
In January 1554 sent the relevant counties letters denouncing the plot and had local authorities take preventive measures, like the sheriff of Devon garrisoned Entered, which alarmed Care who fled to France and the Earl of Huntington searched for Suffolk in the Midlands and Croft disappeared into North Wales, with only Wyatt renewing a problem
What pre emotive measure did Elizabeth take after first hearing rumours at court in summer 1569 that several nobles were plotting to bring down her chief secretary William Cecil?
Norfolk was denied permission to marry which which made nobles such as Arundel, Pembroke, Lumley an Leicester disassociate themselves from an alleged plot and once news broke a rebellion broke out Elizabeth moved Mary Queen of Scots a further 30 miles south to Coventry and Sussex was order to suppress the uprising
What were the tactics, though similar to those used in England, that were employed to deal with rebellions in Ireland?
Rebels were offered pardons and promises and rival clan chiefs were encourage to assist the Crown though offers of reward
Why did the government often delay giving the order to raise troops?
It was costly and if not paid they could cause a rebellion themselves, and the government relied on the nobility and genre to provide retainers for their army but license were required to hold more than a reasonable number of retainers which most did not do
How long did Henry have to prepare for battle against Simnel’s forces?
Six weeks
In the battle at East Stoke in Nottingham, what was the force Henry VII had with him?
A duke, five earls, a viscount, four barons and their retainers numbering 15,000
Why was Daubeny unable to prevent the Cornish rebels from reaching Blackheath in 1497?
Because of insufficient men
In 1536 where were plans for royal troops to assemble to deal with rebels in East Riding of Yorkshire meant to assemble until the plan was cancelled?
Bedfordshire
When was the Duke of Norfolk told by Henry to take as many men as he could, and join the Earl of Shrewsbury and hold a line of the River Trent in 1536?
13 October
How many weeks did in take for Norfolk and Shrewsbury to have enough troops to advance north of the Trent?
2 weeks
How many troops did the Marquis of Northampton have when first entering Norwich in 1549?
1500 troops, with them being outnumber 10 to 1
How many men appeared at Rochester, Kent in support of the Wyatt rebellion, which surprised Mary’s council in 1554 who believed they had reduced the threat to Wyatt and his co-conspirators to a manageable size?
2000
How did Mary twice bought time from Wyatt?
By offering Wyatt a truce to negotiate with the rebels and appointed lords Pembroke and Clinton to raise an army
What did Mary say in her speech in 1st February 1554 at Guildhall to rally Londoners to get behind their ruler?
She declared that she would only marry Phillips with her council’s consent and called on the assembled citizens to support her
At first how many men could Sussex, President of the Council of the North, raise against the Northern Earls’ rebellion in 1569?
He could raise 400 cavalry and a small number of country military of doubtful reliability, but ranged against him were 1600 cavalry and 3400 infantry
By December 1569 how many troops had Sussex gathered in York?
12,000 troops
How many troops did Sir William Skeffington raise in 1534 to defeat Silken Thomas after 14 months of fighting?
2300 troops
How many troops was Edward Randolph in 1566 given by Elizabeth to defeat Shane O’Neill in Ireland?
700 troops
How many troops was Lord Wilton have in 1590 to suppress the Geraldine rebellion?
6500 troops
By 1596 how many rebels did Tyrone have?
6000 rebels
How many troops was Essex given in 1599 to suppress Tyrone?
17,000 though they were not effectively deployed by Essex, instead Essex dived his army putting half in garrison and the rest into provinces,
By 1603, when Tyrone finally surrender to Lord Mountjoy, how many English troops were sent to Ireland?
More than 30,000 English troops
What did Warbeck do when he arrived at Taunton in 1497 with around 6000 men after realising he walked into a trap, and not wanting to risk battle against Daubeny’s army?
Fled
What did the Duke of Northumberland do on July 14th 1553 to support of Lady Jane Frey?
He decided t confront Mary and try to defeat her in battle, the 2000 men he took with him to Cambridge were never going to be enough and his problems increased when some of them deserted and on 18th July 1553 the Earl of Oxford defeated and he eventually gave up
What are some examples of rebellions that gave up when they had to go into full-blooded battle?
The Wyatt rebellion and the Northern Earls
How many rebels and mercenaries were killed at East Stoke in 1487?
4000
Why was it not the governments wish to fight rebels?
As they did not want to fight their subjects
Which leaders were notably lenient?
King Henry VII and Queen Mary
Which leaders were quite vindictive?
King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth
What did Sir John Conners, who was suspected of being involved in the Lovel and Stafford rebellion in 1486 receive as punishment from Henry VII?
He lost his stewardship of Middleham and had a £2000 bond imposed
What was a favoured policy of King Henry VII as punishment?
Imposing bonds and recognisances, but his favourite punishment was to bind men under surety of good behaviour, and bonds up to £1000 were quite common
How many gentry had their lands attained and fines paid by Yorkshire gentry and clergy between 1487 and 1489?
44 gentry
What punishment did King Henry VII give to lords Scrope of Bolton and Masham?
Bound over for £3000 each and faced a spell in prison
In the Yorkshire Rebellion how were the ranking-file rebels punished?
Some 1500 men were pardoned and only 6 were executed
What did Henry want to do originally to the Amicable Grant rising rebels?
Get revenge
What happened when the leading rebels of the Amicable Grant rising appeared before Wolsey in the Star Chamber?
Wosley reprimanded them for their treasonous activity and then freed them, either realising how improvised they were or he was forced to realise them by the king, but the rebels returned to Suffolk with 90 pieces of silver as compensation paid by the prison keeper on Wolsey’s instructions
What is an example of King Henry VIII showing his vindicate side?
When he determined the fate involved in the Lincolnshire, Pilgrimage and Bigod’s rebellions
What happened under King Henry VIII when anyone was involved in troubles or suspected of knowing something dubious?
They had to take an oath disclosing the names of the rebel captains, and these were then arrested and sent to London for integration
What punishment did Lord Darcy and Hussey face?
They were tried by a special court of peers in London and executed
How many were hung in Devon and Somerset towns after the Prayer Book rebellion?
Over 100 rebels
Who was executed in January 1550 due to the Prayer Book rebellion?
Arundell, Winslade, Bury and Holmes
In the Lady Jane Grey Coup who was executed?
Northumberland and his two close associates, Sir John Gates and Sir Thomas Palmer, showing Mary’s leniency toward rebels
In the Wyatt rebellion in 1554 what was the result actions the government took towards the rebels?
More than 1000 rebels were indicted, but 600 were pardoned and of 480 convicted of waging war against the queen, only 71 were executed
After victory was secured over the northern earls, what did Sussex and Hudson to after Elizabeth demanded revenge?
They took raiding parties into Scotland, where they burned 300 villages and scared 50 castles
In the Northern Earls’ rebellion what was the result of many rebels?
700 rebels were arrest and about 450 were hanged, most of which were commoners
What is an example of Elizabeth’s vengeance?
The result of the Oxfordshire rebellion rebels in 1596, with the 5 ringleaders texted, 2 more in June 1597 executed and many arrested and interrogated
What was invoked whenever a rebellion broke out in Ireland?
Martial law, allowing English troops to shoot to kill and execute shout trial Antone they suspected was involved
During the Silken Thomas rebellion, between 1535 and 1537, how many English and Irish supporters of Silken Thomas was hung?
70
