The lymphatic system

Question 1

What are the major functions of the lymphatic system and immune system?

Answer 1

• Maintains blood volume by transporting leaked fluids back to the blood.
• Provides a defense system against disease
o Houses and facilitates maturation of lymphocytes
o Cleanses lymph of pathogens
• Transports digested lipids from lacteals in the small intestines.

Question 2

____-causes leakage of fluid from the capillaries, resulting in accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

Answer 2

Blood pressure

Question 3

___-that is, spaces between individual cells in the tissues

Answer 3

interstitial space

Question 4

____-drain the excess fluid and empty it back into the bloodstream.

Answer 4

Lymphatic vessels

Question 5

____-is the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 5

Lymph

Question 6

____-smallest lymphatic vessels are distributed throughout the body and are in close association with cardiovascular capillaries
o Closed at one end and contain one-way flap-like valves.
o Fluid leaks into lymph capillaries when interstitial pressure is high, and the valves prevent lymph from leaking back out.

Answer 6

Lymph capillaries

Question 7

____-follow along the path of major blood vessels.
o Collects lymph from lymph capillaries
o Carry lymph to/from lymph nodes

Answer 7

Lymph vessels

Question 8

_____-largest lymphatic vessels that collect lymph from lymph trunks (medium sized lymph vessels) and drain lymph into the blood.

Answer 8

Lymphatic ducts

Question 9

Lymphatic ducts:

____-drains lymph from upper right portion of the body into the blood at the right subclavian vein.

Answer 9

Right lymphatic duct

Question 10

Lymphatic ducts:
____- drains lymph from most of the body (entire left half and lower right portion) into the blood at the left subclavian vein.

Answer 10

Thoracic duct

Question 11

Lymph Nodes
• Functions to remove ________ from the lymph.
o Any bacteria that infect the interstitial fluid are taken up by the lymphatic capillaries and transported to a regional lymph node

Answer 11

debris and pathogens

Question 12

Lymph Nodes
• Location
o Clustered along ______-
o Concentrated in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

Answer 12

lymph vessels

Question 13

Lymph Nodes
• Structure
o Fibrous CT capsule with trabeculae that extend into the ____
o Stroma (internalframework) consists of reticular CT
 Forms ____ in the cortex (superficial layer) containing germinal centers where activated lymphocytes rapidly divide.
 Forms ________ deep within the lymph node where plasmocytes the effector B lymphocytes secrete antibodies

Answer 13

Node

• Follicles
• medullary cords

Question 14

Spleen:
• Functions of the spleen
o Destroys worn out ______
o Contains lymphocytes that initiate immune responses to _______ in the blood

Answer 14

erythrocytes

antigens

Question 15

Spleen:
• Location
o Left _________?

Answer 15

Left Hypochondriac

Question 16

Spleen:
• Structure
o Stroma _______
 ____– contains lymphocytes surrounding central arteries.
 ______– contains macrophages that engulf worn out erythrocytes.

Answer 16

of reticular CT

• *White pulp
• **Red pulp

Question 17

_____-location of hematopoiesis and the maturation of B lymphocytes (B clls) to become immunocompetent (capable of becoming activated).

Answer 17

Bone Marrow

Question 18

Larger in children than adults

Answer 18

Thymus

Question 19

What is the function of the thymus?

Answer 19

T-cells (T Lymphocytes) complete maturation to become immunocompetent.

Question 20

What is the location of the thymus

Answer 20

Overlies the anterior/superior portion of the heart in the mediastinum.

Question 21

Thymus;
• Structure
o Fibrous capsule divides it into two lobes
o ______–outer region contains immature T cells (thymoctes) going through positive selection to promote development of T cells with functional receptors.
o _____–inner region, contains T cells going through negative selection to prevent the development T cells that could attack our own body.

Answer 21

Cortex

Medulla

Question 22

_____-lymphoid (clusters of leukocytes) tissue found in mucous membranes lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tract.

Answer 22

Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

Question 23

_____-Arranged in a ring around the pharynx. Contain lymphocytes that destroy and remove pathogens that enter through air and food.

Answer 23

Tonsils

Question 24

What type of Tonsils is this?

_____– posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Answer 24

Pharyngeal tonsil

Question 25

What type of Tonsils is this?

____-boundary between the soft palate and pharynx

Answer 25

Palatine tonsils

Question 26

What type of Tonsils is this?

____-base of tongue

Answer 26

Lingual

Question 27

____-o Small masses of lymphoid tissue in the walls of the intestines (especially the ilium and the appendix)
o Capture and destroy pathogens, preventing them from crossing the intestinal wall

Answer 27

Peyer’spatches

Question 28

___: mounts attack against specific molecular patterns called antigens.

Answer 28

Adaptive (acquired) immunity

Question 29

Adaptive (acquired) immunity

____-any substance capable of provoking an adaptive immune response

Answer 29

Antigen

Question 30

Adaptive (acquired) immunity

_____-on second encounter with an antigen the secondary adaptive response causes a more rapid and vigorous response

Answer 30

Forms an immunological memory

Question 31

Adaptive (acquired) immunity

Two separate but overlapping branches:
_____-effectors are a type of T-lymphocyte called cytotoxic T cells

Answer 31

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 32

Adaptive (acquired) immunity

Two separate but overlapping branches:
____-effectors are a type of B-lymphocyte called plasma cells (plasmocytes).

Answer 32

Humoral, or antibody-mediated immunity

Question 33

Adaptive (acquired) immunity
•Involves B and T lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)

*B cells mature in ______and T cells mature in the____

Answer 33

bone marrow
and
Thymus