The heart Flashcards
________- medial region of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart.
Mediastinum
What is found obliquely to the heart, 2/3 of heart is to the left of the mid-line?
Mediastinum
What extends form the 2nd rib to the 5th intercostal space?
Mediastinum
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Right Ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
What are the greater Vessels?
Aorta Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary veins
What greater Vessel is this?
______- the largest elastic artery of the systemic circuit
*Forms an arch over the base of the heart
Aorta
What greater Vessel is this?
______- large veins the drains the superior portions of the systemic circuit.
Superior Vena Cava
What greater Vessel is this?
_____-Large vein that drains the inferior portions of systemic circuit.
Inferior Vena Cava
What greater Vessel is this?
_______- The largest elastic artery that carries blood toward the heart.
Pulmonary trunk
What greater Vessel is this?
______- Vessels that drain oxygen rich blood from lungs into the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
______- Large superior region where the greater vessels attach to the heart.
Base
What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
_____- Flap like outer portion of the atria/
Auricle
What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
_____- Groove between left and right ventricles on the anterior surface that contains the left anterior descending ( anterior interventricular) coronary artery and the great cardiac vein.
Anterior interventricular sulcus
What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
_____- remnant of the ductus arteriosus from the fetal circulation that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch.
Ligamentum arteriosum
What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
_____- Groove between the atria and the ventricles that contains the coronary sinus, right coronary artery, and circumflex artery.
Coronary sulcus
What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
______- groove between left and right ventricles on posterior surface that contains the middle cardiac vein and posterior interventricular artery.
Posterior interventricular sulcus
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_______- Muscular ridges in the walls of the atria
Pectinate muscles
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_____- muscular ridges in the walls of the ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_____- wall separating the left and right ventricles
Interventricular septum
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_____- Remnant of foramen ovale that enabled blood to flow directly from the right atrium in the fetal heart.
* Hole in the heart after birth making the function of the heart less efficient.
Fossa ovalis
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
______-Prevents blood flowing backwards into the right ventricle.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_____- Prevents blood from flowing backwards into the left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_____-Prevents blood flowing back into the right atrium
Tricuspid atrioventricular (AV) valve
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
______- prevents blood flowing backwards into the left atrium.
Bicuspid (Mitral) AV valve
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
______- fibrous strings of connective tissue that attach the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles.
Chordae tendineae
What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
Chordae tendineae fibrous strings of connective tissue that attach the atrioventricular valves to the _____.
papillary muscles.
What are the layers that form the pericardial sac?
Pericardium Fibrous pericardium Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium Pericardial fluid
What layer of the pericardial sac is this?
______-tough, double walled sac that encloses the heart.
Pericardium
What layer of the pericardial sac is this?
______-outermost layer, composed of dense CT
Fibrous pericardium
What layer of the pericardial sac is this?
_____-serous membrane lining the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
What layer of the pericardial sac is this?
_____-serous membrane adhering to the outside of the heart.
Visceral pericardium
What layer of the pericardial sac is this?
_____-serous fluid between the parietal and visceral pericardium.
Pericardial fluid
What are the layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What type of layer of the heart wall is this?
______-outer epithelial layer, a.k.a. visceral pericardium
Epicardium
What type of layer of the heart wall is this?
______-middle layer of cardiac muscle
Myocardium
What type of layer of the heart wall is this?
_____-inner layer of simple squamous epithelium lining the chambers.
Endocardium
What are the two types of circuits in the heart?
Systemic circuit
and
pulmonary circuit
What type of circuits in the heart is this?
_____- arteries carry oxygen rich blood, veins carry deoxygenated blood.
• Starts with the aorta carrying blood away from the left ventricle.
• Ends with the vena cava draining blood into the right atrium.
Systemic circuit
What type of circuits in the heart is this?
_____– consists of arteries that carry deoxygenated blood towards the lungs and veins that carry oxygen rich blood towards the heart.
Pulmonary circuit
______- : Specialized tissue that is autorhythmic (self-excitable). Does not rely on the nervous system for stimulation but the autonomic nervous system can modify the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker cells
The intrinsic conduction system
What is the pathway an action potential travels through the heart?
- Sinoatrial (SA) node
- Atrioventricular (AV) node
- Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
- Purkinje fibers
Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
_____-autorhythmic cells in a region of the right atrium that functions as the pacemaker because these cells have the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization enabling them to set the heart rate.
1.Sinoatrial (SA) node
Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
_____- autorhythmic cells in the superior region of the interventricular septum that function to slow down the action potential
- Atrioventricular (AV) node
Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
_____-autorhythmic cells in the interventricular septum that relay the signal down through the septum to the bundle branches that travel toward the walls of the left and right ventricles.
3.Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
____-relays action potential rapidly throughout the ventricular myocardium.
- Purkinje fibers
What is the Fetal circulation?
Umbilical vein Ductus venosus Foramen Ovale Ductus arteriosus Umbilical arteries.
What type of fetal circulation is this?
_____-carries oxygen/nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus.
Umbilical vein
What type of fetal circulation is this?
____- allows blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava.
Ductus venosus
What type of fetal circulation is this?
____-opening in the interatrial septum, shunts blood from the right atria to the left atria.
• Closes to become fossa ovalis at birth.
Foramen Ovale
What type of fetal circulation is this?
______-shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to the aorta.
• Closes to become the ligamentum arteriosum at birth.
Ductus arteriosus
What type of fetal circulation is this?
____-carries oxygen poor blood and waste to the placenta.
Umbilical arteries
