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The Heart/ urinary/ reproductive > The heart > Flashcards

The heart Flashcards

1
Q

________- medial region of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart.

A

Mediastinum

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2
Q

What is found obliquely to the heart, 2/3 of heart is to the left of the mid-line?

A

Mediastinum

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3
Q

What extends form the 2nd rib to the 5th intercostal space?

A

Mediastinum

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4
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium
Right Ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

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5
Q

What are the greater Vessels?

A 
Aorta 
Superior Vena Cava 
Inferior Vena Cava 
Pulmonary trunk 
Pulmonary veins
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6
Q

What greater Vessel is this?
______- the largest elastic artery of the systemic circuit
*Forms an arch over the base of the heart

A

Aorta

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7
Q

What greater Vessel is this?

______- large veins the drains the superior portions of the systemic circuit.

A

Superior Vena Cava

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8
Q

What greater Vessel is this?

_____-Large vein that drains the inferior portions of systemic circuit.

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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9
Q

What greater Vessel is this?

_______- The largest elastic artery that carries blood toward the heart.

A

Pulmonary trunk

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10
Q

What greater Vessel is this?

______- Vessels that drain oxygen rich blood from lungs into the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins

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11
Q

What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?

______- Large superior region where the greater vessels attach to the heart.

A

Base

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12
Q

What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?

_____- Flap like outer portion of the atria/

A

Auricle

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13
Q

What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
_____- Groove between left and right ventricles on the anterior surface that contains the left anterior descending ( anterior interventricular) coronary artery and the great cardiac vein.

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

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14
Q

What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?

_____- remnant of the ductus arteriosus from the fetal circulation that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch.

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
_____- Groove between the atria and the ventricles that contains the coronary sinus, right coronary artery, and circumflex artery.

A

Coronary sulcus

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16
Q

What structure of the surface anatomy of the heart is this?
______- groove between left and right ventricles on posterior surface that contains the middle cardiac vein and posterior interventricular artery.

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

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17
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

_______- Muscular ridges in the walls of the atria

A

Pectinate muscles

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18
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

_____- muscular ridges in the walls of the ventricles

A

Trabeculae carneae

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19
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

_____- wall separating the left and right ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

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20
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?
_____- Remnant of foramen ovale that enabled blood to flow directly from the right atrium in the fetal heart.
* Hole in the heart after birth making the function of the heart less efficient.

A

Fossa ovalis

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21
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

______-Prevents blood flowing backwards into the right ventricle.

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

22
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

_____- Prevents blood from flowing backwards into the left ventricle

A

Aortic semilunar valve

23
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

_____-Prevents blood flowing back into the right atrium

A

Tricuspid atrioventricular (AV) valve

24
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

______- prevents blood flowing backwards into the left atrium.

A

Bicuspid (Mitral) AV valve

25
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

______- fibrous strings of connective tissue that attach the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles.

A

Chordae tendineae

26
Q

What type of structure of the internal anatomy is this?

Chordae tendineae fibrous strings of connective tissue that attach the atrioventricular valves to the _____.

A

papillary muscles.

27
Q

What are the layers that form the pericardial sac?

A 
Pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Pericardial fluid
28
Q

What layer of the pericardial sac is this?

______-tough, double walled sac that encloses the heart.

A

Pericardium

29
Q

What layer of the pericardial sac is this?

______-outermost layer, composed of dense CT

A

Fibrous pericardium

30
Q

What layer of the pericardial sac is this?

_____-serous membrane lining the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

31
Q

What layer of the pericardial sac is this?

_____-serous membrane adhering to the outside of the heart.

A

Visceral pericardium

32
Q

What layer of the pericardial sac is this?

_____-serous fluid between the parietal and visceral pericardium.

A

Pericardial fluid

33
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

34
Q

What type of layer of the heart wall is this?

______-outer epithelial layer, a.k.a. visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

35
Q

What type of layer of the heart wall is this?

______-middle layer of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

36
Q

What type of layer of the heart wall is this?

_____-inner layer of simple squamous epithelium lining the chambers.

A

Endocardium

37
Q

What are the two types of circuits in the heart?

A

Systemic circuit
and
pulmonary circuit

38
Q

What type of circuits in the heart is this?
_____- arteries carry oxygen rich blood, veins carry deoxygenated blood.
• Starts with the aorta carrying blood away from the left ventricle.
• Ends with the vena cava draining blood into the right atrium.

A

Systemic circuit

39
Q

What type of circuits in the heart is this?
_____– consists of arteries that carry deoxygenated blood towards the lungs and veins that carry oxygen rich blood towards the heart.

A

Pulmonary circuit

40
Q

______- : Specialized tissue that is autorhythmic (self-excitable). Does not rely on the nervous system for stimulation but the autonomic nervous system can modify the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker cells

A

The intrinsic conduction system

41
Q

What is the pathway an action potential travels through the heart?

A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) node
  2. Atrioventricular (AV) node
  3. Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
  4. Purkinje fibers
42
Q

Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
_____-autorhythmic cells in a region of the right atrium that functions as the pacemaker because these cells have the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization enabling them to set the heart rate.

A

1.Sinoatrial (SA) node

43
Q

Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
_____- autorhythmic cells in the superior region of the interventricular septum that function to slow down the action potential

A
  1. Atrioventricular (AV) node
44
Q

Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.
_____-autorhythmic cells in the interventricular septum that relay the signal down through the septum to the bundle branches that travel toward the walls of the left and right ventricles.

A

3.Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

45
Q

Pathway an action potential travels through the heart.

____-relays action potential rapidly throughout the ventricular myocardium.

A
  1. Purkinje fibers
46
Q

What is the Fetal circulation?

A 
Umbilical vein
Ductus venosus
Foramen Ovale 
Ductus arteriosus
Umbilical arteries.
47
Q

What type of fetal circulation is this?

_____-carries oxygen/nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus.

A

Umbilical vein

48
Q

What type of fetal circulation is this?

____- allows blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava.

A

Ductus venosus

49
Q

What type of fetal circulation is this?
____-opening in the interatrial septum, shunts blood from the right atria to the left atria.
• Closes to become fossa ovalis at birth.

A

Foramen Ovale

50
Q

What type of fetal circulation is this?
______-shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to the aorta.
• Closes to become the ligamentum arteriosum at birth.

A

Ductus arteriosus

51
Q

What type of fetal circulation is this?

____-carries oxygen poor blood and waste to the placenta.

A

Umbilical arteries

The Heart/ urinary/ reproductive (7 decks)

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