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314 Exam 2 > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

the lymphatic system consists of

A

a network of lymphoid tissues and lymphatic vessels that drain excess fluids that seeped out of the blood into the tissue spaces

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2
Q

lymphatic vessels absorb

A

lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins from gastrointestinal tract and transport them to the blood

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3
Q

lymphoid tissues protect against

A

foreign cells, microbes, toxins, and cancer cells

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4
Q

lymph is a

A

relatively clear, colorless fluid that is similar to blood plasma but it contains fewer proteins and its composition varies throughout the body

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5
Q

interstitial lymph is

A

milky white following a meal because of its high fat content

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6
Q

lymph in a lymph node may be filled with

A

lymphocytes, macrophages, and debris

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7
Q

lymphatic capillaries are

A

microscopic vessels, which are located everywhere in the body except in avascular tissues

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8
Q

lymphatic capillaries are slightly _____ than blood capillaries but,

A

larger

but have closed ends

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9
Q

endothelial cells overlap one another and act as

A

valve-like flaps

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10
Q

interstitial fluid flow

A

can flow into lymphatic capillary when fluid pressure in tissues is high but can’t flow out when fluid pressure in tissues is low

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11
Q

small intestine contains

A

specialized lacteals to transport dietary lipids

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12
Q

lymphatic capillaries unite to form

A

lymphatic vessels, which may pass through lymph nodes

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13
Q

lymphatic vessels resemble veins but

A

they have thinner walls and more valves

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14
Q

lymphatic vessels unite to form

A

lymphatic trucks , which drain different parts of the body

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15
Q

lymphatic trunks converge to form

A

lymphatic ducts, which return fluid to the blood

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16
Q

thoracic duct drains

A

left side of head, neck, chest, left arm, and entire body below the ribs into left subclavian vein

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17
Q

right lymphatic duct drains

A

lymph from upper right region of body into right subclavian vein

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18
Q

lymph flows slowly though the lymphatic system and is controlled mainly by

A

contractions of skeletal muscles and respiratory movements

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19
Q

lymphatic cells can be

A

loosely scattered in mucous membranes, or tightly clustered and encapsulated in lymphatic organs

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20
Q

T lymphocytes develop in

A

the thymus and carry out immune responses

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21
Q

B lymphocytes mature in

A

bone marrow and produce antibodies to protect the body against disease causing organisms or substances

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22
Q

macrophages phagocytize foreign antigens and become

A

antigen-presenting cells (APC)

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23
Q

dendritic cells and reticular cells are

A

antigen presenting cells in the lymphatic organs

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24
Q

lymphatic cells form

A

dense lymphatic nodules in lymph nodes and the tonsils, and form Peyer’s patches in the small intestine

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25
Q

lymph nodes are

A

bean shaped structure located along lymphatic vessels, especially in the mammary glands, in the armpit region, and in the groin

26
Q

a lymph node is covered by

A

a fibrous capsule that extends inward and divides the node into compartments

27
Q

interior of a lymph node consists of

A

a stroma and parenchyma, which contains lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells

28
Q

outer cortex of parenchyma contains

A

germinal centers where B lymphocytes multiply

29
Q

inner medullar of parenchyma contains

A

B lymphocytes, macrophages, and reticular cells

30
Q

lymph flows into a lymph node through

A

afferent lymphatic vessels, then passes through sinuses, and finally exits the lymph node by way of an efferent lymphatic vessel

31
Q

lymph nodes filter and cleanse lymph as it flows toward

A

the blood stream

32
Q

macrophages and reticular cells remove

A

most impurities and foreign substances by a variety of immune responses

33
Q

viruses can infect

A

lymph nodes and cerate reservoir of viral particles that escape detection by immune system

34
Q

cancer cells traveling through the lymphatic system may form

A

secondary tumors when they lodge in lymph nodes

35
Q

cancer cells can establish

A

new growths in a lymph node, block flow of lymph and causes swelling

36
Q

cancerous lymph nodes are

A

swollen, but seldom painful

37
Q

tonsils are

A

concentrations of lymphoid tissue at the entrance to the pharynx and they guard against ingested and/or inhaled pathogens

38
Q

one pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), pair of palatine tonsils, and a pair of lingual tonsils are located

A

at the base of tongue

39
Q

a tonsillectomy removes

A

the palatine tonsils if they are chronically infected

40
Q

the thymus gland is located in the

A

mediastinum posterior to the sternum and its two lobes are surrounded by a fibrous capsule that divides each lobe into several lobules

41
Q

each lobule of the thymus gland consists of

A

an outer cortex and an inner medulla

42
Q

cortex contains

A

lymphocytes, reticular epithelial cells, and macrophages

43
Q

medulla contains

A

mostly reticular epithelial cells and thymic corpuscles

44
Q

reticular epithelial cells secrete

A

thymic hormones that cause T lymphocytes to mature and migrate to lymph nodes, spleen, other lymphoid tissues

45
Q

thymus gland is very large in

A

an infant and grows even larger during childhood

46
Q

after puberty thymic tissue is

A

replaced by adipose and areolar connective tissue until thymus gland is barely distinguishable in an adult

47
Q

the spleen is

A

the largest lymphatic organ and contains different kinds of lymphoid tissue

48
Q

white pulp contains

A

lymphocytes and macrophages and plays role in immunity

49
Q

red pulp consists of

A

venous sinuses filled with red blood vells

50
Q

spleen produces

A

red blood cells in a fetus

51
Q

macrophages remove

A

worn out or damaged erythrocytes and defective platelets and phagocytize them to replace*** hemoglobin

52
Q

abdominal trauma can

A

rupture the spleen and cause severe internal bleeding which cannot be stopped unless spleen is removed by splenectomy

53
Q

if the spleen fails the ________________ can take over some functions of the spleen

A

red bone marrow and the liver

54
Q

edema

A

the accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue, either because of capillary filtration exceeds capillary reabsorption or because lymphatic vessels become obstructed

55
Q

elephantiasis is causes by

A

a roundworm transmitted via mosquitoes which blocks the flow of lymph and produces chronic edema

56
Q

lymphadenopathy describes

A

enlarged, tender lymph nodes

57
Q

lymphomas are

A

lymphatic cancers that usually orginate in isolated lymph nodes

58
Q

Hodgkin’s disease is characterized by

A

swollen, painless lymph nodes and alternating fever and night sweats, one of the most common cancers among young adults

59
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas result from

A

uncontrolled multiplication of lymphocytes that metastasize, which might be cause by a virus

60
Q

treatments for Hodgkin’s lymphomas

A

chemotherapy and radiation are used to induce cure

61
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is characterized by

A

swollen lymph nodes or swelling in the spleen and Peyer’s patches

62
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas treatment

A

usually responds to chemotherapy

314 Exam 2 (7 decks)

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