The Luddites + Industrial Protest

Question 1

Where did the luddites start?

Answer 1

Nottingham, 1811

Question 2

How long was the Luddite movement?

Answer 2

6 years

Question 3

Who were ‘The Luddites’?

Answer 3

Handloom workers whose jobs were being lost due to steam powered loom machines

Question 4

How did the luddites stop the increase of loom machines?

Answer 4

Broke them

Question 5

What is an example of an early Luddite protest?

Answer 5

1812, broke 1000 loom machines costing between £6k - £10k

Question 6

What act was the result of Luddite protests, passed in 1812?

Answer 6

Frame Breaking Act - made deliberate breaking of machines punishable by death

Question 7

What is an example of the 1812 act being unsuccessful?

Answer 7

Didn’t stop protests - 1812 Rawford Mill saw protests, soldier had to come in, 2 Luddites were killed

Question 8

What was the result of the death of Luddites in 1812?

Answer 8

Assassination of anti-Luddite mill owner William Horsefall, shot outside of Huddersfield

Question 9

How many more Luddites were executed after 1812, and what was the result of this?

Answer 9

A further 14 Luddites were executed, quietened the movement

Question 10

What can the Luddite protests be seen as an example of?

Answer 10

Skilled craftsmen attempts on to maintain their indenting against industrialisation - also an early example of violent protest

Question 11

Where did the Swing riots occur?

Answer 11

South of England

Question 12

What were the 3main reasons for the swing riots?

Answer 12

Poor harvests in 1828/29, the introduction of the threshing machine meant agricultural workers lost employment in winter, also increasing gap between rich and poor due to industrialisation

Question 13

What is an argument that the threshing machine didn’t cause the swing riots?

Answer 13

The threshing machine had been in use since 1790

Question 14

What did swing rioters threaten to do?

Answer 14

Burn hayricks

Question 15

What were the demands of the swing rioters?

Answer 15

Rent reductions, wage increases, end of rural unemployment due to machinery

Question 16

How many were arrested and executed due to the swing riots?

Answer 16

1976 arrested, 19 executed

Question 17

Why was the response to swing riots more moderate than the Luddites?

Answer 17

The punishment for the swing riots was left to local JPs, they had more sympathy for the rioters as understood their motivations

Question 18

What is the importance of the swing riots?

Answer 18

It can be recognised as the 1st major rural riots

Question 19

Why did focus increase on reducing working days?

Answer 19

Failure of the Luddite and swing riots showed that a more moderate approach had to be taken, less demands to be successful

Question 20

Why did the ten hour movement receive more widespread support?

Answer 20

Aims seemed viable, MPs also showed support for this as early as 1802

Question 21

What did MP John Hobhouse do in 1825?

Answer 21

Sought to reduce working days for children from 16 to 11 hours, was undermined by the free trade ideology

Question 22

Where and when can the ten hour movement seen to have began?

Answer 22

1830, in the Pennines, where workers wanted to collaborate with trade unions

Question 23

Which 2 MPs were leaders of the ten hour movement?

Answer 23

Richard Oastler and George Bull

Question 24

What did Richard Oastler do in 1830 to stir political interest in the ten hour movement?

Answer 24

Wrote a letter to Leeds Mercury, compared factories to slavery

Question 25

What was created as a result of Oastler’s actions?

Answer 25

A committee to investigate factory conditions by Michael Sadler, although he then lost his seat in 1832

Question 26

What was the significant of the 1833 Factory Act for the ten hour movement?

Answer 26

Did restrict working hours of child labour, increased effectiveness due to sympathy from parliament, paved the way for the passing of the 1847 Ten Hour Act