The Long 19th Century World c. 1789 - 1914 Flashcards
1
Q
The French Revolution (date)
A
1789 - 1799
2
Q
Phases of the French Revolution
A
Moderate, Radical, Conservative
3
Q
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo (date)
A
1815
4
Q
The Congress of Vienna ends
A
1815
5
Q
Slavery abolished throughout most of the British Empire
A
1833
6
Q
Irish potato famine (date)
A
c. 1845 - 1851
7
Q
Death count in Irish potato famine
A
c. 1.5 million died (c. 2 million emigrated)
8
Q
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels issue the Communist manifesto (date)
A
1848
9
Q
Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay (1st visit)
A
1853
10
Q
Charles Spurgeon pastor of New Park Street Chapel (date)
A
1854
11
Q
Later name of New Park Street Chapel
A
Metropolitan Tabernacle
12
Q
Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species
A
1859
13
Q
Unification completed in both Germany & Italy
A
1871
14
Q
Age of Western Imperialism (& its rise)
A
c. 1880 - 1914
15
Q
Albert Einstein
A
[Famous] mathematician & physicist
16
Q
Congress of Vienna
A
International Peace Conference [after Napoleon’s defeat]
17
Q
The dominant [ideological] force in 19th C. European life
A
Nationalism
18
Q
Nationalism
A
A conscious bond (marked by shared glories/sufferings) in which the nation gives meaning to the individual’s life and actions
19
Q
Slogan of the French Revolution
A
Liberty, equality, and fraternity
20
Q
True or False: Louis [XVI of France] was forced to call the Estates General
A
True
21
Q
Tennis Court Oath
A
The 3rd Estate took an oath not to disband until France had a new constitution
22
Q
French prison stormed by Paris mob in French Revolution
A
The Bastille
23
Q
October Days
A
The “fish women” (muscular female fish vendors skilled with knives) walk to Versailles and the monarchy’s taken to Paris
24
Q
Monarch guillotined in the French Revolution
A
King Louis [XVI]
25
Sans-Culottes
French group who "wore pants" and wanted equality with the upper bourgeoisie
26
CPS
Committee of Public Safety
27
Factions in the National Convention
Jacobins vs. Girondins; armed sans-culottes surrounded the National Convention (the current French government) & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates
28
Leader of the CPS
Maximilien Robespierre
29
Reign of Terror
A temporary dictatorship of the CPS under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre
30
True or False: Though her husband was guillotined, Marie Antoinette was never guillotined.
False
31
True or False: The French Revolution had an effort to replace traditional Christianity
True
32
How the Reign of Terror ended
The execution of Robespierre
33
Result of the end of the Reign of Terror
Jacobin republic dismantled and French leadership passed to the property-owning bourgeoisie
34
[French dictator who] seized power in a coup
Napoleon Bonaparte
35
The French revolution spawned
total war, nationalism, terror as governmental policy, and a revolutionary mentality
36
_____ _____ defeated the French navy at _____
Admiral Nelson; Trafalgar
37
Continental System
[Napoleonic policy] Bars countries under French control from buying GB goods; it failed
38
Result of Napoleon's Russian invasion
[Loses to "General Winter"]; his forces were victims of deception
39
Where Napoleon was exiled
Elba
40
Defeated Napoleon at Waterloo after Napoleon's escape from Elba
Duke of Wellington (of GB)
41
After Napoleon escaped Elba and returned to France, he...
dared the King's forces to shoot their "emperor"
42
Elements of Napoleon's Rule
Eliminating liberty of the press
Religious peace
Toleration for Jews/Protestants
Provided a unified & efficient system of law
aided France's economy
43
Industrial Revolution
Refers to the shift from an agrarian economy
44
1st Industrial Revolution began where
GB
45
James Watt made
the steam engine
46
Eli Whitney made
The cotton gin
47
[Technological] Transformations provided in the Industrial Revolution
Steam engine
Cotton gin
Railroads
48
Most important element of (transport in) the Industrial Revolution
Railroads
49
Proletariat
Urban, industrial working class
50
True or False: Industrialization accelerated urbanization
True
51
Hallmarks of romanticism
Emotion, feelings, experience, and imagination
52
Examples of 19th Century Western Thought
Romanticism
Realism
Liberalism
53
Realism
Representation of people/things as they are
54
Realist authors
Jane Austen
Charles Dickens (wrote about social concerns)
55
Liberalism
The freedom of the individual
56
Advocated the Dialectic: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis
G.W.F. Hegel
57
The Dialectic
All reasoning (ideas) proceeds from a concept [thesis], to another contradictory concept [antithesis], which gives way to a third concept that transcends and synthesizes both earlier concepts [synthesis]
58
True or False: Hegel never belived in an Absolute Spirit
False; he said the Absolute Spirit manifests itself as the Zeitgeist ("spirit of the age")
59
Proclaimed that "God is dead"
Friedrich Nietzsche
60
Socialism
The means of production are owned not by private indivuduals but by the community
61
True or False: All socialism is uniform
False; many forms exist in theory and practice
62
True or False: All communists are socialists but not all socialists are communists
True
63
Marxism
A school of socialism based on the writings of Karl Marx
64
Point of the Communist Manifesto
Called for a working-class revolution to overthrow the capitalist system. "Workingmen of all countires, unite!"
65
Marxism's view of the essence of history, its goals, and its outcomes
Essence of history: violence and struggle
Goal: seizure of power by the working class & the destruction of capitalism (inevitable)
Outcome: No need for a state; it would eventually wither away
66
True or False: Economic forces alone can explain all history
False
67
True or False: Marxists have been able to sustain a viable communist economic system
False
68
Venezuelan patriot/statesman
Simon Bolivar
69
Simon Bolivar aka
The Liberator
70
True or False: Great Britain never had suffrage extensions (gave voting rights)
False
71
Reign of Queen Victoria aka
Victorian Age
72
Age at which Queen Victoria began to rule
18
73
[Location of (??)] First Opium War
China
74
Irish Potato Famine
Potato crop failed
75
War in which Mexico lost nearly half its territory
Mexican-American War
76
Taiping Rebellion
A massive civil war in China
77
American Commodore to get to Japan
Matthew Perry
78
Shogun
Military commander of Japan and hereditary dictator
79
Last shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate
80
Daimyo
Japan's feudal lords and vassals of the Shogun
81
Samurai
Warrior retainers of the Daimyo
82
Sepoy Rebellion aka
Indian Mutiny
83
Sepoys
Native Indian soldiers
[NOT native American but actual Indians, bro]
84
What was the Sepoy Rebellion
An Indian uprising against British rule
85
Winner of the Sepoy Rebellion
Great Britain
86
The Iron Chancellor
Otto von Bismarck
87
Prussian Prime Minister
Otto von Bismarck
88
Politician associated with Realpolitik
Otto von Bismarck
89
Realpolitik
Politics based on practical and material factors (power/self-interest)
90
Cinco de Mayo
Mexican celebration of their defeat of French troops
91
Where was the Meiji Restoration
Japan
92
Problem after Italian unification
Sectionalism
93
Began 2nd Reich of the German Empire
Franco-Prussian War
94
Loser of the Franco-Prussian War
France
95
Results of the Franco-Prussian War
Alsace-Lorraine [former French territory] annexed to Germany
96
Aspects of the Age of Western Imperialism
Often involved domination of political, economic, and cultural life, with a focus on Africa and Asia
97
European powers to dominate Africa in the Age of Western Imperialism
Britain, France, Germany, and Belgium
98
Motives of Imperialism
Economic
Nationalism
"White man's burden"
99
"White man's burden"
Paternalistic mission to spread Western culture to others
100
Ruler of Germany [sometime after Bismarck]
Kaiser William II
101
True or False: Kaiser William II supported building a navy to rival GB
True
102
How 19th C. Russia was different compared to Western Europe
The middle class remained tiny
103
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-Western Chinese uprising, suppressed by an international force
104
Term describing the nature of U.S. actions in Latin America
"Dollar Diplomacy"
105
Cause of Russo-Japanese War
Russian/Japanese rivalry
106
Loser of the Russo-Japanese War
Russia
