The Inter-War Years Flashcards by Ajani Mighty

Russian Civil War (date)

1918 - 1921

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Winners of the Russian Civil War

The Communists

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Countries of the USSR

Russian, Ukranian, Belorussian, and Transcaucasian Republics

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The Soviet Union begins (date)

1922

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Joseph Stalin assumes power in Russia (USSR) by ___ (date)

1928

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The Great Depression (dates)

c. 1929 - 1939 (end date can be a matter of debate)

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Mao established as leader of the Chinese Communist Party (date)

1934 - 1935

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Established Mao as leader of the Chinese Communist Party (event)

The Long March

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Kremlin

Citadel in Moscow, the centre of administration of the Russian (formerly Soviet) government

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The Long March

c. 6000 mile trek of Chinese Communists bringing Mao Tse-Tung and the survivors to Northern China

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Mandate

Form of international trusteeship devised by the League of Nations

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True or False: Wilson listed self-determination as an important objective for the post-war world

True

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What is “soviet”

A workers’ and/or soldiers’ council

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True or False: Vatican City has never been an independent state

False

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The Versailles settlement (which eventually led to the League of Nations)

The Treaty of Versailles

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True or False: The League of Nations was effective [against expansionism, war etc.]

False

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Replaced the League of Nations post WW2

The UN

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Four empires to crumble after WWI

Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire

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The Treaty of Versailles’ ramifications for Germany

Territory in the East given to Poland (the Polish corridor)

The Rhineland demilitarized

Germany made responsible for reparations (compensation)

Development of a “scrap of paper” mentality (regarding Versailles) by Germany

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Why the Rhineland was demilitarized

As a buffer against further German aggression

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The Rhineland

The border between France and Germany

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pandemic

an epidemic over a large area

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Death count of the Spanish flu pandemic

c. 25 million (maybe 40 million) died

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worldwide influenza pandemic aka

the Spanish flu pandemic

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Instead of independence, nations in the Middle East who assisted Britain in WWI received a _____

mandate

Balfour Declaration

Supported a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Opposed British rule in India

Mohandas Gandhi

Led the 1930 Salt March

Mohandas Gandhi

Kept the Chinese Communist Party alive with the Long March

Mao Tse-Tung

True or False: The Great Depression didn't reach Latin America

False; the effects were devastating for the region

Russian parliament [pre-Communists]

Duma

True or False: The Duma had little power, and the Czar could dismiss it

True

Country possessing 1/6 of the world's land's surface, an adverse climate, and a diverse population

Russia

The Bolsheviks

"Majority" Followers of Vladimir Lenin Confirmed atheists

True or False: The Bolsheviks never changed their name

False; they later called themselves the Communists

Close comrades of Vladimir Lenin

Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

Events leading to Czar Nicholas' abdication

hardships/losses during WWI led to widespread discontent, causing strikes and riots in Petrograd

Where Lenin was exiled

Switzerland

True or False: The German government prohibited Lenin from traveling from Switzerland to Petrograd

False

Lenin's simplified Bolshevik ideology

"Peace, Land, Bread"

Convinced the Petrograd Soviet to stage a coup

Leon Trotsky

Power structure in the Soviet government

Soviets declared Lenin to be the head of government, but all power was to be held by the soviets

Created the Red Army

Trotsky

True or False: Czar Nicholas and his family weere murdered in the Russian Civil War

True

Factions in the Russian Civil War

Communist "Reds" vs. non-communist "Whites"; Trotsky's Red Army won

True or False: The Russian Civil War led to the state limiting private ownership

True

Russia's New Economic Policy (NEP)

The government had control of finance, industry, and transportation and allowed the remainder of the economic system to return to private enterprise [the gov was “F.I.T.” (finance, industry, transport)]

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, aka the Soviet Union

"Man of Steel," the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union (post-Lenin)

Joseph Stalin

True or False: Soviet propaganda created a "cult of Stalin" that approached deification

True

True or False: Stalin began a series of Five-Year Plans for industry development (industrialization)

True

Kulaks

Well-to-do peasants

True or False: Stalin never feared threats

False; he was paranoid

The Soviets signed a non-aggression pact with _____

Hitler

"On margin"

Meant that you paid a percentage of the stock's value up front and financed the rest

Meaning of "bull" and "bearish" in the market

Bull refers to things moving upward and bearish refers to things moving downward

The market crash of the Great Depression

"Black Tuesday" led to widespread panic selling The bull market turned bearish

True or False: The Crash was the sole cause of the Great Depression

False

Causes of the Great Depression

Lack of industrial diversification An overexpansion of credit

True or False: As a result of the Great Depression, manufacturers and merchants REDUCED prices

True

The engine of the US economy

Consumer spending

Number of banks to close in the first 3 years of the Depression

5000

True or False: American farmers were hurt significantly by foreclosure and drought

True

How Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a landslide victory in the wake of the Great Depression

He pledged a "New Deal" for the American people to help them recover, allowing him to win and giving Democrats control of both houses of Congress

The New Deal

An umbrella label for a wide range of programs to offer relief and stimulate the economy. It involved bold experimentation and heavy federal intervention

FDR's other solutions to the Depression

He announced a "Bank Holiday" (closure) In "fireside chats" he used the radio [to instill confidence and explain his programs] In the "Hundred Days" [March 6 - June 16, 1933] he summoned Congress into special session

Hitler's solution to German unemployment

He had a work-creation/rearmament project that largely eradicated German unemployment by 1936

Effect of the Depression on Japan

Strengthening of militarist groups

True or False: The New Deal introduced much-needed reform and somewhat stabilized the economy

True [ :\ according to the notes]

True or False: The New Deal failed to cure the Great Depression

True

"Cured" the Depression

heavy defense-related spending connected to WWII [ :\ according to the notes]