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WSET 3 STUDY > The Loire Valley > Flashcards

The Loire Valley Flashcards

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1
Q

Working east from the coast what are the 4 key regions of the Loire Valley?

A

Nantais

Anjou-Saumur

Touraine

Central Vineyards

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2
Q

What is the climate of Nantais?

What is the soil type?

A

Maritime

Volcanic and Granite; warming and good drainage

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3
Q

What is the climate of Anjou Saumur?

What is the soil type?

A

Continental

Varied, some clay soils and some warm and stony

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4
Q

What is the climate of Touraine?

What is the soil type?

A

Cool Continental

Cool clay

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5
Q

What is the climate of Central vineyards?

What is the soil type?

A

Continental

Chalky and stony = well drained

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6
Q

What grape is Muscadet made from?

A

Melon Blanc (Melon de Bourgogne)

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7
Q

What are the key appellations of Nantais?

A

Muscadet

Muscadet Sevre et Maine

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8
Q

Considering climate risks why is Melon Blanc a vine-grower’s friend?

A

The grape ripens early and is frost resistant.

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9
Q

What is the style of Muscadet and how is Muscadet Sevre et Maine sur lie different

A

Dry, medium alc (max 12%), high acidity, light body with subtle green fruit.

Sevre et Maine is a superior appellation and ‘sur lie’ wines are bottled in the Spring following harvest having spent the Winter on its lees giving a richer texture.

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10
Q

As a modern winemaker how would you ferment Muscadet?

A

Key objective retain varietal delicasy and freshness so ferment in temp controlled s. steel or concrete

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11
Q

What are the key grapes of Anjou-Saumur?

A

Chenin Blanc

Cabernet Franc

Grolleau (local Black grape used for Rose)

Gamay

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12
Q

What are the key appellations of Anjou Saumur?

A

Saumur, Saumur Champigny

Anjou

Savennieres, Coteaux de Layon

Rose d’Anjou, Cabernet d’Anjou, Rose de Loire

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13
Q

What are the differences between Rose de Loire, Cabernet d’Anjou, Rose d’Anjou, Sancerre Rose

A

Rose de Loire - Made mainly in Anjou-Saumur. Always dry and must have min 30% Cab Franc and/or Cab Sav-

Cabernet d’Anjou - Medium sweet and made from a blend of Cab Franc and Cab Sav

Rose d’Anjou - less sweet than Cab d’Anjou and largely made from Grolleau blended with Cab Franc

Sancerre Rose - Must be made 100% Pinot Noir. Pale colour,light in body and dry with delicate fruit flavours

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14
Q

Savennieres and Coteaux de Layon are both made in Anjou-Saumur from Chenin Blanc. How do the wines differ and why?

A

Savennieres - Full bodied, complex and dry. Good air circulation round the vines enables late harvest whilst impeding Noble Rot.

Coteaux de Layon - Renowned sweet wine. Lies in a sheltered valley of R. Layon that encourages Noble Rot

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15
Q

Chenin Blanc can be used to make many styles, what are it’s charcteristics

Generally as a grape?

When young?

When aged?

A

High acid non aromatic grape stands out in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine.

Young - Flavours from fresh apple to tropical fruit depending on grape ripeness, dry wines have steely smoky character Sweet wines have apricot and citrus peel from Noble Rot

Aged - Richer and rounder with aromas of honey, toast and hay

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16
Q

Why can Chenin Blanc be a pain to harvest and what is the countermeasure?

A

Even within one bunch common for grapes to reach different levels of ripeness. Several passes through the vineyard might be necessary to pick grapes at desired ripeness.

17
Q

What are the key grapes of Touraine?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc

Cabernet Franc

18
Q

What are the key appellations of Touraine?

A

Vouvray - Dry –> Sweet, Still and sparkling

Chinon

Bourgueil

Touraine

19
Q

How would you describe Touraine Sauvignon Blanc compared to that from Sancerre / Pouilly Fume?

A

Generally less concentrated and more fruity

20
Q

What happens to barely ripe Chenin Blanc grapes

A

They are made in to sparkling wines

21
Q

What grape are the wines of Chinon and Bourgueil based on?

How do flavours differ based on soil type?

A

Cabernet Franc

Sandy soil - Light and fruity

Limestone and clay slopes - Riper - Full bodied and tannic

22
Q

What are the key appellations of Central Vineyards?

A

Sancerre (Sancerre Rose)

Pouilly Fume

Menetou Salon

23
Q

What are the key grapes of Central Vineyards?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Noir

24
Q

What are the tasting notes of classic Sancerre and Pouilly Fume?

A

High acidity, meduim body, hints of green apple and wet stones.

Pouilly Fume is also known for subtle smoky notes

25
Q

How are the sauvignon blanc grapes gently treated in winemaking to preserve the fresh, fruity, varietal flavours?

A

Pneumatic pressing, temp controlled fermentation in stainless steel

26
Q

Despite Sauvignon Blanc being an aromatic grape what 2 things might winemakers allow / use in cool vintages?

A

MLF

Oak

in order to lower the acidity

27
Q

Despite Sancerre and Pouilly Fume heroics where is the majority of Sauvignon Blanc made into wine?

A

Touraine

28
Q

What is Grolleau?

A

A red grape variety used to make Rosé still and sparkling wines in Anjou

29
Q

If you wanted Loire red wine which 4 towns would you head to and what grape would be used?

A

Chinon, Bourgueil in Touraine - Light fruity red for early drinking. From Sandy soils

Saumur, Saumur-Champigny in Anjou-Saumur. Lighter and lower tannin than those from Chinon and Bourgueil. Juicy berry fruit and floral notes. Drunk young and often chilled. Cabernet Franc grape

30
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
31
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
32
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
33
Q

Describe the style

A
34
Q

Working West to East what are the key appellations of Nantais?

A

Muscadet

Muscadet Sevre et Maine

35
Q

Working West to East what are the key appellations of Anjou-Saumur?

A

Savenniers, Coteaux de Layon

Anjou

Saumur, Saumur-Champigny

36
Q

Working West to East what are the key appellations of Touraine?

A

Bourgueil, Chinon

Vouvray

Touraine

37
Q

Working West to East what are the key appellations of Central Vineyards?

A

Menetou-Salon

Sancerre

Pouilly-Fume

38
Q

List the 4 Human factors of wine

A

Grape Growing

Wine Making

Maturation

Market Forces

WSET 3 STUDY (32 decks)

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