The Liver: Part II

Question 0

The Pancreas

Answer 0

1. Produces enzymes (exocrine) and hormones (endocrine) that assist in the digestive process

Question 1

The Gallbladder

Answer 1

1. Stores and concentrates bile
   - stores about 90 mL of bile
   - Dissolves fats for easy absorption

Question 2

The Pancreas

-Exocrine Function

Answer 2

1. Exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes and alkaline fluids into the pancreatic duct
2. Produces 1 to 1.5L of pancreatic juice per day
3. Lipase promotes breakdown of fats
4. Amylase promotes carbohydrate breakdown

Question 3

What two things are ordered to keep a Pt’s GI system completely at Rest?

Answer 3

1. Keep patient NPO

2. NG Tube insertion to Intermittent wall suction

Question 4

The Pancreas

-Endocrine Function

Answer 4

1. Endocrine pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 5

The Pancreas

-Endocrine: Insulin

Answer 5

1. Protein hormone that promotes the storage and utilization of food

Question 6

The Pancreas

-Endocrine: Glucagon

Answer 6

1. Stimulates glucogenolysis in the liver

- Promotes breakdown of muscles

Question 7

What Happens If the Liver Fails?

-Detoxificaion

Answer 7

1. Decrease in detoxification reactions
   - Resulting in accumulation of toxic substances in the blood
   - Can lead to hepatic encephalopathy

Question 8

What Happens If the Liver Fails?

-Gluconeogenesis

Answer 8

1. Decrease in gluconeogenesis

- can cause fasting hypoglycemia

Question 9

What Happens If the Liver Fails?

-Protein Production

Answer 9

1. Decrease in protein production
   - Can decrease clotting factor production
   - increasing the risk of bleeding

Question 10

What Happens If the Liver Fails?

-Bilirubin

Answer 10

1. Failure of the liver to secrete conjugated bilirubin or failure to conjugate it
   - Can cause JAUNDICE

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

1. Produced in pancreas but acts in the liver

Question 12

Jaundice

-Increased Lysis of RBC’s

Answer 12

1. PreHepatic

27 minutes **TEST

Question 13

Portal Hypertension

-Esophageal Varices **TEST

Answer 13

1. The rational for esophageal Varices is portal hypertension
   - Portal hypertension causes blood to back up into esophagus

(Varices are engorged veins)

Question 14

Portal Hypertension

-Hepatic Vein Post-hepatic Problems

Answer 14

1. Right sided heart failure
2. Cardiomyopathy
3. Constrictive pericarditis

Question 15

Liver Function Tests (LFT’s)

-Mark of Injury to Hepatocytes

Answer 15

1. AST
2. ALT
   - Both are ELEVATED

Question 16

Liver Function Tests

-Mark of Injury to the Bile Ducts

Answer 16

1. Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase

Question 17

Liver Function Tests

-Elevated AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase?

Answer 17

1. Means that there is already liver damage