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Pathophysiology: Test 4 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

0
Q

Left Hemisphere

A
  1. All about the Past and future (Linear)
  2. Takes picture of of the present and integrates it into past and future
  3. Thinks in words
  4. “recognizes self”
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1
Q

Right Hemisphere

A
  1. Deals with the present moment
    - Smells, tastes, touch connected through consciousness of right hemisphere
  2. Parallel process
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2
Q

Stroke Costs on Healthcare

A
  1. Care and productivity lost for stroke survivors cost an estimated $74 billion in the US during 2008
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3
Q

Stroke Prevalence

-Which race has highest stroke occurrence

A
  1. American Indian

then black

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4
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

-Golden window for treatment

A
  1. 4 hrs from the time symptoms began
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5
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Vs.
CVA

A
  1. Results from a brief or partial interruption of blood flow
  2. CVA is prolonged or complete blockage/hemmorhage
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6
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A
  1. When blood vessel bursts in the brain

2. 1/10 strokes are hemorrhagic but they are more deadly than ischemic strokes

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7
Q

Ischemic Stroke

-Thrombotic Stroke

A
  1. Blockage occurs right in an artery in the brain

- less common than embolic stroke

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8
Q

Ischemic Stroke

-Embolic Stroke

A
  1. Occurs when blood clots break off from the heart or from an artery that carries blood to the brain.
    - More common than thrombotic strokes
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9
Q

Ischemic Vs Hemorrhagic Strokes

-Statistics

A
  1. 9 of every 10 strokes are ischemic
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10
Q

CVA

-Risk Factors

A
  1. Dehydration
    - Blood becomes more viscous TEST
  2. Atrial Fibrillation
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11
Q

Considerations for Pt’s w/ New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation

A
  1. A patient with new case of A-fib needs to be on coumadin
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12
Q

Ischemic Stroke

-Thrombotic Stroke is Caused by?

A
  1. Results from atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease process that damage arterial walls
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13
Q

Ischemic Stroke

-Embolic

A
  1. Fragments that break from a thrombus formed outside the brain or in the heart, aorta, or common carotid artery
    - Usually middle cerebral artery affected **
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14
Q

Lacunar strokes

A
  1. Very small strokes that affect memory

2. Caused by occlusion of a single deep perforating artery that supplies small penetrating subcortical vessels

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15
Q

Risk Factor for Embolic Stroke

A
  1. Atrial Fibrillation
16
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A
  1. Intracranial hemorrhage r/t HTN, ruptured aneurysms or vascular malformations
    - bleed into a tumor, or intake of:
    - Anticoagulants or clotting disorders, head trauma, or illicit drug use
17
Q

Cerebral Infarction Pathophysiology

-Thrombi/embolus

A
  1. Abrupt vascular occlusion
18
Q

Cerebral Infarction Pathophysiology

-Atheroma

A
  1. Gradual vessel occlusion
19
Q

Cerebral Infarction Pathophysiology

-Ruptured aneurism

A
  1. Hemorrhagic

- Primary cause hypertension

20
Q

Cerebral Infarctions

-What happens at 6-12 hrs

A
  1. Affected area becomes slightly discolored and softens
21
Q

Cerebral Infarctions

-What happens at 48-72 hrs

A
  1. Necrosis
  2. Swelling around insult
  3. Mushy disintegration
22
Q

Cerebral Infarctions

-What happens at 2 weeks

A
  1. Necrosis resolves leaving a cavity (a hole)
23
Q

1st thing to do when Stroke is Suspected

A
  1. CT scan to differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
24
Q

Cerebral Infarction

-Clinical Manifestations

A
  1. Headache (ruptured aneurysm)
  2. Unilateral weakness
  3. Speech disturbance
  4. Numbness & tingling
25
Q

Stroke Response

-F-A-S-T

A
  1. F-Face (does the face look uneven?)
  2. A-Arm (One arm hanging down?)
  3. S-Speech (slurred speech?)
  4. T-Time (Call 911 NOW)
26
Q

Cerebral Infarction

-Treatment

A
  1. Cerebral Angiogram
  2. Tissue plaminogen activator tPA
    - 4 hr window time
  3. Mannitol for cerebral edema
27
Q

Stroke Treatment

-Prevention of further embolization/hemorrhaging

A
  1. Revert A-fib / anticoagulate (Embolic stroke )

2. Vitamin K/ Platelets (Hemorrhagic stroke)

28
Q

Stroke Treatment
-Prevention of further embolization/hemorrhaging
(Embolic Strokes)

A
  1. Revert A-fib & anticoagulate
29
Q

Stroke Treatment
-Prevention of further embolization/hemorrhaging
(Hemorrhagic Strokes)

A
  1. Vitamin K/ Platelets

Pathophysiology: Test 4 (9 decks)

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