The legitimacy of Sport Global Governance

Question 1

Distinction between rule vs. principle

Answer 1

rule: ought sth. to do, or it is not allowed to do –> all or nothing

principle: under certain conditions

Question 2

Assessing legitimacy

Answer 2

To say that an institution is legitimate implies that it has the right to rule even if it does not act in accordance with
the rational self-interest of everyone who is subject to its rule.

Question 3

Assessing legitimacy

Answer 3

To say that an institution is legitimate implies that it has the right to rule even if it does not act in accordance with
the rational self-interest of everyone who is subject to its rule.

Question 4

Assessing legitimacy (II)

Answer 4

i) Moral reasons matter when we try to determine what practical attitudes should be taken toward particular institutional
arrangements

When the support for an institution is based on reasons other than self-interest or the fear of coercion, it may be more
stable

Legitimacy requires that:
i) institutional agents are justified in carrying out their roles,
ii) those to whom institutional rules are addressed have content-independent reasons to comply with them
iii) those within the domain of the institution’s operations have content-independent reasons to support the institution or at
least to not interfere with its functioning

Question 5

Two reasons not to insist that only just institutions have the right to rule

Answer 5

i) First, there is sufficient disagreement on what justice requires that such a standard for legitimacy would
thwart the eminently reasonable goal of securing coordinated support for valuable institutions on the basis of
moral reasons.
ii) even if we all agreed on what justice requires, withholding support from institutions because they fail to meet
the demands of justice would be self-defeating from the standpoint of justice itself, because progress toward
justice requires effective institutions.

Question 6

A complex standard of GGI legitimacy

Answer 6

1. It must provide a reasonable public basis for coordinated support for the institutions, on the
   basis of moral reasons.
2. It must not confuse legitimacy with justice but nonetheless must not allow that extremely
   unjust institutions are legitimate.
3. It must take the ongoing consent of democratic states as a presumptive necessary condition,
   though not a sufficient condition, for legitimacy.
4. Although the standard should not make authorization by a global democracy a necessary
   condition of legitimacy, it should nonetheless promote the key values that underlie demands for
   democracy.
5. It must properly reflect the dynamic character of global governance institutions. The means
   and their goals, may and ought to change over time.
   The standard of legitimacy must therefore incorporate mechanisms for accountability that are
   both more robust and more inclusive than that provided by the consent of democratic states.

Question 7

Substantive criteria of GGIs.

Answer 7

(1) Minimal Moral Acceptability
Global governance institutions must not persist in committing serious injustices. The primary instance of a
serious injustice is the violation of human rights.

(2) Comparative benefit
The justification for having global governance institutions is primarily if not exclusively instrumental. If an
institution cannot effectively perform the functions invoked to justify its existence, then this insufficiency
undermines its claim to the right to rule

(3) Institutional Integrity
If an institution exhibits a pattern of disparity between its actual performance and its self-proclaimed
procedures or major goals, on the other, its legitimacy is seriously called into question

Question 8

two limitations of the substantive criteria of GGIs

Answer 8

(a) the problem of factual knowledge

(b) the problem of moral disagreement

Question 9

Accountability includes three elements:

Answer 9

i) standards that those who are held accountable are expected to meet;
* ii) information available to accountability-holders, who can then apply the standards to the
performance of those who are held to account
* iii) the ability of these accountability-holders to impose sanctions: to attach costs to the
failure to meet the standards

Question 10

The epistemic virtues of GGIs

Answer 10

1. they must generate and direct reliable information about coordination points
2. narrow transparency is required
3. broad transparency: institutions must facilitate positive information externalities to permit
   inclusive, informed contestation of their current terms of accountability.

Question 11

The benefits of the complex standard of GGIs

Answer 11

1. The complex standard provides a reasonable basis for coordinated support of institutions that meet the standard, support
   based on normative reasons that are widely accessible in the circumstances under which legitimacy is an issue.
   To serve the social function of legitimacy assessments, the complex standard requires:
   i) a consensus on the importance of not violating human rights.
   ii) broad agreement that comparative benefit and integrity are also presumptive necessary conditions of legitimacy.
   iii) a commitment to inclusive, informed deliberation directed toward resolving or at least reducing the normative disagreement
   and uncertainty that characterize our practical attitudes toward these institutions.
2. In requiring only minimal moral acceptability at present, legitimacy does not require agreement on justice, but at the same
   time affirms the intuition that extreme injustice, understood as violation of the most widely recognized human rights, robs an
   institution of legitimacy.
   3 Takes the on-going consent of democratic states to be a necessary, though not a sufficient condition for legitimacy.
3. Rejects the assumption that global governance institutions cannot be legitimate unless there is global democracy, but at the
   same time promotes some of the key democratic values.
4. Reflects a proper appreciation of the dynamic, experimental character of global governance institutions. That is, not only the
   means but even the goals may and probably should change over time.
5. The requirement of a functioning transnational civil society channel of accountability—an array of overlapping networks of
   external epistemic actors- helps to compensate for the limitations of accountability through democratic state consent