A systematic approach to the Olympic Movement

Question 1

The Olympic Charter

Answer 1

• from values to rules
• an evolving document
• need for a legal framework
• President Samaranch promoted an important renovation that redefines Olympics approved by the IOC at the Olympics at 1990

Question 2

The Fundamental Principles of Olympism:

Answer 2

1. Olympism is a philosophy of life
2. The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service harmonious development of humankind
3. The Olympic Movement is the concerted, organised, universal and permanent action, carried out under the supreme
   authority of the IOC
4. The practice of sport is a human right.
5. sports Organisations within the Olympic Movement shall have the rights and obligations of autonomy which include freely establishing and controlling the rules of the sport, good governance principles shall be applied
6. no discrimination of any kind
7. Belonging to the Olympic Movement is complying with the Olympic Charter and by recognized by the IOC.

Question 3

second type of actor

Answer 3

the OCOGs
- life span about 10 years
- crated by the public authorities and the NOC of the country
-

Question 4

third kind of actor

Answer 4

the International Federations (IFs)
- govern the respective sport and disciplines on a worldwide level
- The Olympic Ifs receive part of the broadcasting and marketing rights generated by the games
- if the IFs are regognizes by the IOC they get subsidies
- the Olympic Charter is their statutory basis for their action

Question 5

Actors on a national level (fourth type of actor)

Answer 5

NOCs
- independent body from the IOC from a legal point of view
- NOCs receive part of the rights of the games
-

Question 6

The regulators of the sport system

Answer 6

1. CAS (created in 1983; independent judiciary authority)
2. WADA (created in 1999; fight against doping in sport)
3. IOC Ethics Commission (created in 1999)

Question 7

The CAS

Answer 7

= private court
–> the sentences are confidential unless the parties agree that they may be published
- Arbitration is based on switzerlands federal law

Structure: Two chambers, or “ divisions” :
Section 1. Ordinary arbitration procedures, which examines all disputes
regarding sport that are directly and voluntarily lodged with it by the
parties

Section 2. Appellations. It is the supreme court for final instance
decisions taken by all the NOCs and IFs that recognize its jurisdiction—

fomally the CAS is independent of the IOC, but the people in CAS are not independent

advantages of the CAS = fast procedures and higher power can impose

Question 8

WADA

Answer 8

= swiss private law foundation

Objectives:
1 To promote and coordinate at international level the fight against doping in sport in all its
forms; [ … ]
2 To reinforce at international level ethical principles for the practice of doping-free sport and to
help protect the health of the athletes;
3 To establish, adapt, modify and update for all the public and private bodies concerned, inter
alia the IOC, IFs and NOCS, the list of substances and methods prohibited in the practice of
sport; [ … ]
4 To encourage, support, coordinate and, when necessary, undertake, in full cooperation with
the public and private bodies concerned [ … ] the organization of unannounced out-ofcompetition testing.
5 To develop, harmonize and unify scientific, sampling and technical standards with regard to
analysis and equipment, including the homologation of laboratories, and to create a reference
laboratory
6 To promote harmonized rules, disciplinary procedures, sanctions and other means of
combating doping in sport and contribute to the unification thereof, taking into account the
rights of the athletes.
7 To devise and develop anti-doping education and prevention programs at international level,
in view of promoting the practice of doping-free sport in accordance with ethical principles.
8 To promote and coordinate research in the fight against doping in sport

Question 9

characteristics of the general Framework of Sport Governance

Answer 9

(A) the complex environment in which sport evolves (protect the interest of their national member associations while including all views and opinions of different stakeholders such as athletes, officials, clubs etc.)
(B) The specificity of sport (social, educational, health, economic and recreational values)

(C) The IFs hybrid structures (voluntarism, professionalsim, and Non profit organisations)

(D) The IFs nature (taking into account various cultures and levels of development among nations)

(E) The pyramidal structure of sport (universally accepted and recognised; IFs = are world governing bodies for globally applicable rules and regulations)

(F) Recognizing Deficits and Prioritizing Actions (lack adequate transparency, are insuffiently democratic, generate disproportionate profit, operate beyond the reach of the law)

Question 10

Three types of Sport Governance

Answer 10

1. Organisational Governance = based on normative principles, ethically informed standards of managerial behaviour
2. Political Governance = how governments or governing bodies in sport “steer”, rather than directly control, the behaviour of organisations.
3. systemic governance = refers to competition, cooperation and mutual adhustmenrs between organisations in business and policy systems