The Learning Process

Question 1

What is the definition of learning?

Answer 1

Learning is a change in behavior that results from experience and practice.

Question 2

What are the primary learning theories? (BICC)

Answer 2

Behaviorism, information processing, cognitive, constructivism.

Question 3

Define behaviorism theory.

Answer 3

The theory that postulates that behavior is conditioned by external stimuli.

Question 4

Define information processing theory.

Answer 4

The theory that postulates the brain is like a computer…data input, storage, recall.

Question 5

Define cognitive theory.

Answer 5

The theory that postulates that learning is not just a change in behavior, but a change in the way one thinks.

Question 6

Define constructivism theory.

Answer 6

The theory built on cognitive theory, but expands on it to include the idea that people don’t learn passively, but that all learning is an active process.

Question 7

What are perceptions?

Answer 7

Perceptions are the basis of all learning. Perceptions are directed to the brain via the 5 senses.

Question 8

What are factors that affect perception? (GSTEP)

Answer 8

Goals and values, self-concept, time and opportunity, element of threat, physical organism.

Question 9

Insights involve the grouping of perceptions into: ____.

Answer 9

meaningful wholes.

Question 10

Students must be kept receptive to: _____.

Answer 10

New experiences.

Question 11

As perceptions increase in number, the student develops insight by _____.

Answer 11

Assembling perceptions into larger blocks of learning.

Question 12

How does one acquire knowledge? (MUC)

Answer 12

Memorization, understanding, concept learning.

Question 13

What are the laws of learning? (REEPIR)

Answer 13

Readiness, exercise, effect, primacy, intensity, recency.

Question 14

What are the domains of learning? (CAP)

Answer 14

Cognitive, affective, psychomotor.

Question 15

What are the four basic levels of learning? (RUAC)

Answer 15

Rote, understanding, application, correlation.

Question 16

What are the four areas of the affective domain?

ARVOI

Answer 16

Awareness, response, value, organization, integration.

Question 17

What are the four areas of the psychomotor domain?

OIPH

Answer 17

Observation, imitation, practice, habit.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of learning? (PEAM)

Answer 18

Learning is purposeful, experience leads to learning, learning is an active process, learning is multifaceted.

Question 19

How do students acquire skill knowledge? (CAA)

Answer 19

Cognitive stage, associative stage, automatic response stage.

Question 20

What are the types of practice? (DBR)

Answer 20

Deliberate, blocked, random.

Question 21

A good scenario ___________. (HIC)

Answer 21

Has a clear objective, is tailored to the student, capitalizes on environmental nuances.

Question 22

What type of error is a ‘slip’?

Answer 22

A slip is an error of action.

Question 23

What type of error is a ‘mistake’?

Answer 23

A mistake is an error of thought.

Question 24

How can we reduce errors? (DR CULT)

Answer 24

Develop routines, raise awareness, check for errors, using reminders/checklists, learning & practicing, taking time…don’t rush.

Question 25

What are the three components of memory? (SSL)

Answer 25

Sensory, short-term, long-term.

Question 26

What are the types of forgetting? (RIFRS)

Answer 26

Retrieval failure, interference, fading, repression, supression.

Question 27

What are the areas of retention of learning? (MR LAMP)

Answer 27

Meaningful repetition aids recall, recall is prompted by association, learning with all senses is best, attitudes that are favorable increase learning, mnemonics, praise stimulates recall.

Question 28

What is the positive transfer of learning?

Answer 28

When the learning of task A assists in the learning of task B.

Question 29

What is the negative transfer of learning?

Answer 29

When the learning of task a inhibits the learning of task B.