The Knee

Question 1

Where is the prepatellar bursa located

Answer 1

between the apex of the patella and the skin

Question 2

Describe how you would find the popliteal pulse

Answer 2

Found on deep palpation of the popliteal fossa, when knee is slightly flexed (prone)

Question 3

what is the nerve supply of the inferior tibfib

Answer 3

deep peroneal and tibial nerves (L4-S2)

Question 4

Describe the origin and insertion of the MCL

Answer 4

• Medial epicondyle of the femur (origin) TO
• Downwards and slightly forwards (PREVENTS VERUS)

1. Superficial fibre- attaches below tib tub
2. Middle fibre- attach to the medial tibial condyle
3. Deep fibre- attach triangularly to the medial meniscus

Question 5

Which muscles cause medial rotation

Answer 5

• semimembranosus
• semitendonosis
• gracilis
• sartorius
• popliteus

Question 6

what are the ligaments of the inferior tibfib

Answer 6

• strong interosseous ligament
• anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments

Question 7

Describe how you would find the tibial plateau

Answer 7

superior surface of the tibia

the anterior surface can be palpated with the knee in flexion

Question 8

Describe how you would find the lateral collateral ligament

Answer 8

cord like

from the lateral epicondyle to the lateral surface of the head of fibula

Question 9

Describe how you would find the Medial collateral ligament

Answer 9

Strong flat band from the medial epicondyle to the medial condyle of the tibia and shaft

Work way round from tibia plateau feels soft, then hard then soft

Question 10

Describe how you would find the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

Answer 10

2cm higher than the tibial tuberosity

Question 11

Describe how you would find the joint line of the knee

Answer 11

Bisects the ligatmentum Patellae horizontally halfway between the tip of patella and tibial tuberosity

Question 12

Describe how you would find the head of fibula

Answer 12

lies posterolateral to the tibia, just below the mid point on the lateral side

Question 13

Describe how you would find the trochlear groove

Answer 13

the groove the patella sits in

In knee flexion or extension (relaxed quads) push patella to the side and feel for the femur underneath

Question 14

Describe how you would find the tibial tuberosity

Answer 14

upper end of the anterior border of the tibia

ligamentum patellae attaches to its upper portion

Question 15

Describe the origin and insertion of the ACL

Answer 15

Anterolateral tibial spine (origin) TO

Posterior, Lateral and Proximal (passing the lateral side of the PCL) to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle (insert)

STOPS anterior translation in relation to the femur

Question 16

What are the 4 parts of the popliteal fossa triangle

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe how you would find the adductor tubecule

Answer 17

above the medial epicondyle is a small promience of bone, where the tendinour adductor magnus attaches

Question 18

Purpose of the meniscus in the knee

Answer 18

semilunar cartilages to make the joint more congruent and for shock absorbance

Question 19

Describe the origin and insertion of the PCL

Answer 19

Depression in the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia (origin) TO

Anterior, medial and proximal (passing the medial side of the ACL) to the anterior side of the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle (insert)

STOPS posterior translation in relation to the femur

Question 20

Describe how you would find the Gerdy’s tubercule

Answer 20

midway between the head of fibula and tibial tuberosity

Question 21

Describe how you would find the patella, and describe its function

Answer 21

Sesamoid bone: triangular in shape, tip facing inferiorly

should be able to palpate the whole circumference, especially the medial border and anterior surface

Thought to increase power of the quads by increasing leverage & protects the end of the femur i.e. in kneeling

Question 22

Where is the infrapatella bursa located

Answer 22

deep- between patella tendon and tibia

superficial- between the patella tendon and skin

Question 23

What are the bones/ articulations of the knee joint

Answer 23

Patella, femoral condyles and tibial plateau.

Tibiofemoral and Femoropatellar

Question 24

Describe how you would find the lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur

Answer 24

medial- pass down the inferior end of the femur medially to find the bony prominence

lateral- pass down the inferior end of the femur laterally to find the bony prominence

*epicondyles are in the centre of the condyles which are the bony prominences here

Question 25

Where is the pes anserine bursa located

Answer 25

the area on the medial aspect of the knee where tendons for the gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus muscles attach

Question 26

Which two ligaments aren’t included in the synovial membrane of the knee

Answer 26

ACL and PCL are intracapsular, but extrasynovial

Question 27

What muscle causes knee lateral rotation

Answer 27

Biceps femoris

Question 28

Describe the origin and insertion of the LCL

Answer 28

Lateral epicondyle of femur above and behind the groove of the popliteus (origin) TO

lateral surface of the head of the fibula (in front of the apex splitting the head of the biceps femoris) (insertion)

(PREVENTS VALGUS)

Question 29

What are the knee flexors

Answer 29

• semimembranosus
• semitendinosus
• biceps femoris
• Gastrocnemius

Question 30

Where is the semimembranosus bursa located

Answer 30

posteriorly in the knee between semimem and the medial head of the gastrocnemius

Question 31

Where is the suprapatellar bursa located

Answer 31

extension of the synovial cavity of the knee, located between the quadriceps and the femur

Question 32

What are the accessory movements of the fibula

Answer 32

AP/PA

Question 33

State the 4 ligaments of the knee

Answer 33

1. ACL
2. PCL
3. MCL
4. LCL

Question 34

Name the 5 bursae of the knee joint

Answer 34

1. suprapatellar bursa
2. prepatellar bursa
3. infrapatellar bursa
4. Pes Anserine bursa
5. Semimembranosus bursa