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Anatomy Lecture > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the knee join

A

synovial joint, largest in body

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2
Q

what two articulations make up the knee, what are the functions

A

1) tibio-femoral joint, weight bearing
2) patello-femoral joint, pull of quadriceps femoris muscle to be directed anteriorly over the knee to tibia without tendon wear

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3
Q

what type of bone is the patella

A

sesamoid bone

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4
Q

flexion/extension

A

-occurs around sagittal axis
-open chain, tibia moves
-closed chain, femur moves

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5
Q

patella and PFJ during flexion and extension

A

-flexion, patella moves inferiorly
-extension, patella moves superiorly

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6
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

covers condyles of tibia and femur

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7
Q

patellar groove

A

V-shape

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8
Q

are femoral condyles convex or concave

A

convex

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9
Q

are tibial condyles convex or concave

A

concave

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10
Q

menisci structure

A

-fibrocartilaginous, C-shaped, wedged
-firmly secured to tibial condyles at edges, more mobile deeper into joint

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11
Q

medial meniscus attachment

A

attaches at its edge to joint capsule and medial collateral ligament

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12
Q

lateral meniscus attachment

A

no capsular attachment, more mobil than medial

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13
Q

menisci function

A

-triple area of joint contact
-expand outward on weight bearing
-reduces pressure across knee
-cup shape, deepen articular surface of knee, stabilize joint, reduce ligament strain

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14
Q

knee joint capsule

A

-encloses articular cavity and intercondylar region
-partly formed and reinforced by extensions from tenons of surrounding muscles

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15
Q

medial knee joint capsule

A

-blends with MCL
-attaches to medial meniscus

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16
Q

stratum fibrosum

A

-lateral knee joint capsule
-separated from fibular collateral ligament
-does not attach to lateral meniscus

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17
Q

anterior knee joint capsule

A

-attached to margins of patella ligament

18
Q

posterior knee joint capsule function

A

-prevent hyperextension

19
Q

two major ligaments or thickenings of posterior capsule

A

1) arcuate ligament
2) oblique popliteal ligament, extension of semimembranosus tendon

20
Q

intracapsular ligaments

A

-in intercondylar region of knee, interconnect the femur and tibia
-ACL
-PCL

21
Q

ACL attachment

A

-attaches to a facet on anterior intercondylar eminence (tibia)
-ascends posteriorly to attach to facet at posterior lateral wall of intercondylar fossa (femur)
-intracapsular

22
Q

PCL attachment

A

-attaches to posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence (tibia)
-ascends anteriorly to attach to medial wall of intercondylar fossa (femur)
-intracapsular

23
Q

ACL functional significance

A

-resists anterior translation of tibia
-resists posterior translation of femur relative to a fixed tibia in a closed chain perspective
-prevents hyperextension

24
Q

PCL functional significance

A

-resists posterior translation of tibia
-resists anterior translation of femur over a relatively fixed tibia in a closed chain perspective
-prevents hyperflexion

25
Q

collateral ligament functions

A

stabilize hinge like motions of flexion and extension

26
Q

LCL attachment

A

-attaches superiorly at lateral femoral epicondyle
-inferiorly attaches to lateral surface of fibular head
-separated from capsule by popliteus tendon
-extracapsular

27
Q

MCL attachment

A

-attached by much of its deep surface to underlying joint capsule
-superiorly attaches to medial femoral epicondyle just inferior to adductor tubercle
-inferiorly attaches to medial Margi and medial surface of tibia
-extracapsular

28
Q

MCL function

A

-resists valgus producing forces
-taut in full extension, assist with locking knee

29
Q

LCL function

A

-resists varus producing forces
-taut in full extension, assist with locking knee

30
Q

patella retinacula

A

-thin connective tissue
-medial and lateral to patella, superficial

31
Q

extracapsular posterior ligaments

A

-arcuate ligament
-oblique popliteal ligament, extension of semimembranosus tendon

32
Q

patella

A

-sesamoid bone
-transmits quadricep force across knee
-enhances leverage of quad muscle

33
Q

knee rotations

A

-horizontal plane
-internal
-external

34
Q

screw home mechanism of knee rotation

A

-locking the knee reduces muscular demand during standing, 2 mechanisms
-1-medial rotation of femur on tibia during extension, tighten ACL and collateral ligaments
-2-shape of femoral condyles, knee extends and surfaces move to inferior femoral condyles, medial rotation provides stable knee, popliteus unlocks knee with lateral rotation of femur on tibia

35
Q

suprapatellar bursa

A

-articular cavity superiorly between distal shaft of femur and quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon

36
Q

prepatellar bursa

A

-subcutaneous and anterior to patella

37
Q

infrapatellar bursae

A

-deep and subcutaneous
-sides of patellar ligament

38
Q

pes anserine bursa

A

-medially on proximal tibia
-pes anserine is insertion for gracilis, sartorial, semitendinosis
-bursa prevents friction between 3 tendons and tibial plateau

39
Q

fat pads

A

-protection around knee joint
-capsule separated from patellar tendon by infra patellar fat pad

40
Q

circumflex

A

branches off major artery that surrounds something

Anatomy Lecture (6 decks)

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