Articular System Flashcards
what is the articular system
-how bones move
-at which points bones move
connective tissues in the articular system
bone
cartilage
ligaments
tendons
fat pads
discs
bursa
function of cartilage
-supports framework for soft tissue
-resists deformation
-less brittle than bone
what is hyaline cartilage
-covers weight bearing ends of bone
-smooth, glassy
-poor healing
what is fibrocartilage, examples
-supports crushing weights
-intervertebral disks, menisci of knees, pubic symphysis
function of elastic cartilage, example
-supports soft structures, very flexible
-ear, nose
function of ligaments
connect bone to bone
structure of ligaments
-most are composed of dense collagenous tissue
-some pure elastic tissue
-overstretch injury
function of tendons
-connect muscle to bone or other structures
structure of tendons
-connective tissue fibers are parallel and closely packed
-fibers intertwine, form small bundles
-surrounded by connective tissue sheaths
-injury by overstretch/overuse, torn
what is an aponeurotic tendon/aponeurosis
-broad, flat tendon expansion for attachment to a large area or multiple areas
-ex: plantar fascia
bursa structure
-connective tissue spaces coalesce to form pocket- like accumulations of fluid
-between muscle and tendon
-between muscle and bone
bursa function
padding
protection
where is subcutaneous bursa located
-just beneath the skin
-ex: calcaneous, lateral malleolar
where is a subacromial bursa
shoulder
three types of articulations
-diarthroses- synovial joints
-amphiarthroses- cartilaginous joints
-synarthroses- fibrous
parts of synovial joint
-joint cavity
-articular cartilage
-articular capsule
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid
articular cartilage
-usually hyaline
-few nerves or blood vessels
-nourished by synovial fluid
-replaced by fibrocartilage when destroyed
joint capsule structure
-joint capsule is comprised of fibrous tissue that surrounds and contains joint cavity
-stratum fibrosum- most nerve fibers of the joint
synovial membrane
stratum synovium produces synovial fluid
synovial fluid
-hyaluronic acid
-lubricin
-viscosity varies with velocity of movement and temperature
how does synovial fluid vary
-less speed, more viscous, less movement
-more speed, less viscous, more movement
synovial joint shapes
-uniaxial- 1 degree of freedom
-biaxial- 2 degrees of freedom
-triaxial/multiaxial- 3 degrees of freedom
uniaxial joints
-1 degree of freedom
-hinge joints
-pivot joints
biaxial joints
-2 degrees of freedom
-Condyloid -
composed of the
articulation between
a large, rounded,
convex component
and a relatively
shallow concave
component
-Ellipsoidal -
has a
convex elongated
surface in one
dimension mated with
a matching concave
surface on the other
-Saddle-
each
partner of a saddle
joint has two
surfaces: one
concave, and one
convex making it
similar to a
horseback rider
sitting on a saddle
triaxial/multiaxial joint
-gliding joints, carpal bones
-triaxial joints, ball and socket
amphiarthroses
-cartilaginous joints, a joint formed of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage
-limited movement, important role in shock absorption
-primary and secondary cartilaginous joint
primary cartilaginous joint
synchondrosis
secondary cartilaginous joint
symphysis
synchondroses
-1st costosternal joint
-epiphyseal plate of growing long bones
symphyses
-intervertebral discs
-pubic symphysis
what is synarthroses
-fibrous joints- connected with fibrous tissue, allow little to no movement
function of synarthroses
-firmly bind bones together
-transmit forces from one bone to another
types of synarthroses
1) suture joints- held together with fibrous tissue
2) syndesmoses- bones joined by ligaments, connective membrane keeps bones together, provides stability
