Articular System

Question 1

what is the articular system

Answer 1

-how bones move
-at which points bones move

Question 2

connective tissues in the articular system

Answer 2

bone
cartilage
ligaments
tendons
fat pads
discs
bursa

Question 3

function of cartilage

Answer 3

-supports framework for soft tissue
-resists deformation
-less brittle than bone

Question 4

what is hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

-covers weight bearing ends of bone
-smooth, glassy
-poor healing

Question 5

what is fibrocartilage, examples

Answer 5

-supports crushing weights
-intervertebral disks, menisci of knees, pubic symphysis

Question 6

function of elastic cartilage, example

Answer 6

-supports soft structures, very flexible
-ear, nose

Question 7

function of ligaments

Answer 7

connect bone to bone

Question 8

structure of ligaments

Answer 8

-most are composed of dense collagenous tissue
-some pure elastic tissue
-overstretch injury

Question 9

function of tendons

Answer 9

-connect muscle to bone or other structures

Question 10

structure of tendons

Answer 10

-connective tissue fibers are parallel and closely packed
-fibers intertwine, form small bundles
-surrounded by connective tissue sheaths
-injury by overstretch/overuse, torn

Question 11

what is an aponeurotic tendon/aponeurosis

Answer 11

-broad, flat tendon expansion for attachment to a large area or multiple areas
-ex: plantar fascia

Question 12

bursa structure

Answer 12

-connective tissue spaces coalesce to form pocket- like accumulations of fluid
-between muscle and tendon
-between muscle and bone

Question 13

bursa function

Answer 13

padding
protection

Question 14

where is subcutaneous bursa located

Answer 14

-just beneath the skin
-ex: calcaneous, lateral malleolar

Question 15

where is a subacromial bursa

Answer 15

shoulder

Question 16

three types of articulations

Answer 16

-diarthroses- synovial joints
-amphiarthroses- cartilaginous joints
-synarthroses- fibrous

Question 17

parts of synovial joint

Answer 17

-joint cavity
-articular cartilage
-articular capsule
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid

Question 18

articular cartilage

Answer 18

-usually hyaline
-few nerves or blood vessels
-nourished by synovial fluid
-replaced by fibrocartilage when destroyed

Question 19

joint capsule structure

Answer 19

-joint capsule is comprised of fibrous tissue that surrounds and contains joint cavity
-stratum fibrosum- most nerve fibers of the joint

Question 20

synovial membrane

Answer 20

stratum synovium produces synovial fluid

Question 21

synovial fluid

Answer 21

-hyaluronic acid
-lubricin
-viscosity varies with velocity of movement and temperature

Question 22

how does synovial fluid vary

Answer 22

-less speed, more viscous, less movement
-more speed, less viscous, more movement

Question 23

synovial joint shapes

Answer 23

-uniaxial- 1 degree of freedom
-biaxial- 2 degrees of freedom
-triaxial/multiaxial- 3 degrees of freedom

Question 24

uniaxial joints

Answer 24

-1 degree of freedom
-hinge joints
-pivot joints

Question 25

biaxial joints

Answer 25

-2 degrees of freedom
-Condyloid -
composed of the
articulation between
a large, rounded,
convex component
and a relatively
shallow concave
component
-Ellipsoidal -
has a
convex elongated
surface in one
dimension mated with
a matching concave
surface on the other
-Saddle-
each
partner of a saddle
joint has two
surfaces: one
concave, and one
convex making it
similar to a
horseback rider
sitting on a saddle

Question 26

triaxial/multiaxial joint

Answer 26

-gliding joints, carpal bones
-triaxial joints, ball and socket

Question 27

amphiarthroses

Answer 27

-cartilaginous joints, a joint formed of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage
-limited movement, important role in shock absorption
-primary and secondary cartilaginous joint

Question 28

primary cartilaginous joint

Answer 28

synchondrosis

Question 29

secondary cartilaginous joint

Answer 29

symphysis

Question 30

synchondroses

Answer 30

-1st costosternal joint
-epiphyseal plate of growing long bones

Question 31

symphyses

Answer 31

-intervertebral discs
-pubic symphysis

Question 32

what is synarthroses

Answer 32

-fibrous joints- connected with fibrous tissue, allow little to no movement

Question 33

function of synarthroses

Answer 33

-firmly bind bones together
-transmit forces from one bone to another

Question 34

types of synarthroses

Answer 34

1) suture joints- held together with fibrous tissue
2) syndesmoses- bones joined by ligaments, connective membrane keeps bones together, provides stability