The Knee Flashcards
bones in the knee
femur
tibia
patella
2 joints of the knee
patellafemoral
tibiofemoral
how to know anterior view
fibula at back
knee ligaments
anterior cruciate ligament (in front)
posterior (back)
colateral ligaments (sides)
anterior cruciate ligament function
stops anterior movement of tibia
posterior cruciate ligament function
stops posterior movement of tibia
lateral colateral ligament
prevents bow leg
media colateral ligament
prevent knocked knee
menisci structure
lateral and medial
medial and medial colateral
menisci function
stability
lubrication
shock absorb
type of bone the patella is
sesamoid (embedded in quad and patella tendon)
patella function
protection from compression
protects anterior knee structure from trauma
acts as lever (increases level are of quads)
increases torque of quads by increasing distance from axis motion
10-30% contribution to quads torque
pelvis bones
ilium
ischium
pubis
acetabulum
where the 3 bones of pelvis come together
iliac crest
top of pelvis
iliac spine structure
ASIS at top
AIIS at bottom
head of femur articulates with
acetabulum
greater trochanter is …
lateral
lesser trochanter is …
medial
at back of femur is
linea aspera where bone comes to a point (ridge of femur)
quadriceps muscle
rectus femoris (up along femur, origin AIIS)
vastus medialis (big on inside, origin medial femur)
vastus intermedius (hidden deep)
vastus lateralis (laterally, origin greater trochanter)
hamstring muscles
bicep femoris (2 heads, long head = movement of hip and knee)
semitendinosus (long tendon of insertion)
semi membranosus (more medial)
other knee flexors
gastrocnemius
popliteus (lateral condyle origin pulling at angle = internal rotation)
sartorius (knee flexion and hip movement)
gracilis (pubis to knee)
biarticular muscles kinesiology
when a activated it attempts to shorten (pull origin closer to insertion)
so
applying equal force at O and I generates torque at both ends
malalignments of knee - q angle
angle of line of pull of quads
from ASIS to midpoint of patella
line drawn from midpoint of patella and the tibial tuberosity
q angle male vs female
male = 12-13 degrees
female = 16-18
malalignment - valgus
knocked knee
malalignment - varus
bow legged
chondromalacia patella
mist racking of patella and damage to patellofemoral cartilage (anterior knee pain)
risk factors for chondromalacia patella
genu valgum (high q angle)
pronation
high patella
weak vastus medialis
ACL rupture
70% non contact
excessive anterior tibial translation
cutting or landing movements
relatively extended knee
some knee valgus
internal tibia rotation
soon after ground contact
