Foot and Ankle

Question 1

how many bones in the foot

Answer 1

26

Question 2

plantar fascia structure

Answer 2

web like ligamentous
attached to calcaneus metatarsals, phalanges and skin

Question 3

function of plantar fascia

Answer 3

support base of foot including both arches

Question 4

2 arches of foot

Answer 4

longitudinal
transverse

Question 5

longitudinal arch

Answer 5

from calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, metatarsal

can be high, medium or low

Question 6

transverse arch

Answer 6

extends across the foot from 1st to 5th metatarsal

Question 7

function of foot

Answer 7

load bearing
shock absorb
locomotion
lever for propulsion

Question 8

what’s per planus

Answer 8

flat feet / low arches

soft foot type, good shock absorb, less propulsion, excessive eversion

Question 9

what’s per cavus

Answer 9

high arches, rigid foot, poor shock absorb, good propulsion

Question 10

plantar fasciitis

Answer 10

inflammation of plantar fascia (heel pain) over use injury

Question 11

ankle joint name

Answer 11

talocrural joint

Question 12

ankle joint basics

Answer 12

mortise joint (square accepting another square)
hinge
uniaxial

Question 13

plantar flexion degrees

Answer 13

40-50

Question 14

dorsiflexion degrees

Answer 14

15-20

Question 15

joints in ankle

Answer 15

subtalar joint
transverse tarsal joint

Question 16

transverse tarsal joint and subtler joint function

Answer 16

gliding joints
inversion 25 degrees and eversion 15 degrees causing probation and supination

Question 17

joints in foot

Answer 17

tarsometatarsal joint
metatarsophalangeal joint
interphalangeal joint

Question 18

4 compartments of lower leg

Answer 18

superficial posterior
deep posterior
anterior
lateral

Question 19

superficial posterior compartment muscles

Answer 19

gastrocnemius (has a medial and lateral head intrusion on calcaneus)
soleus (inserts at calcaneus but at an angle)

Question 20

deep posterior compartment muscles

Answer 20

tibialis posterior (assists plantar flexion and inversion)
flexor digitorm longus
flexor hallucis longus

Question 21

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 21

along muscle that flexes digits

Question 22

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 22

long muscle flexing big toes

Question 23

anterior compartment muscles

Answer 23

tibialis anterior (upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia)
extensor hallucis longus (extend toes)
extensor digitorum longus (eversion)

Question 24

lateral compartment muscles

Answer 24

peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus Tertius

all eversion

Question 25

Achilles tendon rupture symptoms

Answer 25

sudden onset of sharp pain in heel
snapping sound
difficult walking

Question 26

Achilles tendon rupture causes

Answer 26

sudden dorsiflexion when muscle in tension
sudden heavy activation after prolonged periods of inactivity

Question 27

shin splints

Answer 27

small tears / inflammation of muscles attaching to tibia

Question 28

ankle sprain causes

Answer 28

90% inversion

Question 29

chances of reoccurring sprain

Answer 29

50%