The Knee Flashcards
The knee joint is a …… joint
Hinge
What are the articulations?
Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral joints
What bones articulate at tibiofemoral joint?
Lateral and medial condyle of the femur and tibial plateaus.
What bones articulate at Patellofemoral joint?
Paella and femur
What is the screw home mechanism?
Standing and locking the knee, the femur rotates medially relative to the tibia. This locked position is released by popliteal muscle to allow flexion.
Close packed position of the knee
This is full extension
Maximum contact
Capsule and ligaments tense
Interaction between collateral and cruciate ligaments
Loose packed position of the knee
Extension of the knee Partial contact Capsule and ligaments are lax Allows tibiofemoral rotation Allows adduction and abduction
Medial collateral ligament origin and insertion
O- femoral attachment medial epicondyle
I- tibial attachment proximal tibia periosteum
Lateral collateral origin and insertion
O- lateral epicondyle
I-lateral femur head
What ligament does valgus stress test assess?
used to assess the integrity of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee.
What ligament does varus stress test assess?
Lateral collateral ligament
MCL function
To prevent the leg from extending too far inward, but it also helps keep the knee stable and allows it to rotate. I
LCL function
Joint stability
Anterior cruciate ligament origin and insertion
From anterior intercondylar region of tibia blending with medial meniscus
Posteriorly attaching to femur in interchondylar fossa
Posterior cruciate ligament origin and insertion
Attaches from posterior interchondylar region of tibia
Anteriorly attaching to femoral condyle
What and where are the 4 patella bursae?
Semisembranosus bursae- behind knee
Prepatella bursa- behind
Infrapatella bursae- behind
Suprapatella bursae- above
menisci attachments
Lies on the surface of the medial and tibial plateau.
transverse ligament connects the medial and lateral meniscus anteriorly
Muscles for Extension of the knee
Quads- Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Recuts femoris
Muscles for flexion of knee
Hamstrings- semimembanosus, semitendanosus, bicep femoris
Gastrocnemius
Sartorius
Gracilis
Muscles for lateral rotation
Bicep femoris
Muscles for medial rotation
Semitendanosus Semibembranosus Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus
What is the popliteal fossa
Space behind the knee joint its the main pathway for vessels and nerves between thigh and lower leg
