The Kidney 4

Question 1

what is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Answer 1

pH = [HCO3-]K

      [PCO2]L

Question 2

what is blood pH?

Answer 2

the measure of the H+ of plasma
normal = 7.4

Question 3

define blood buffer

Answer 3

Helps to prevent large changes in blood pH when either acid/alkali is added to/produce by the body

Question 4

how do the lungs help regulate blood pH?

Answer 4

Disruption of homeostasis due to increase in plasma CO2 decreases plasma pH

Negative feedback system operates, involving the chemoreceptors which taste the blood for its pH level

Output from the system is an increase in ventilation

Question 5

how do the kidneys help regulate blood pH?

Answer 5

Kidney can excrete acid or base as required

H+ is filtered and secreted

HCO3- is filtered and reabsorbed

Question 6

what is the primary problem in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 6

increased PCO2 which then decreases pH

Question 7

why would hypoventilation cause respiratory acidosis?

Answer 7

leads to CO2 retention so the level in the plasma descreases

Question 8

why would diabetes mellitus and/or kidney disease cause Metabolic acidosis?

Answer 8

Increased ketone acids or reduced acid excretion causes metabolic acidosis

Question 9

What is the primary problem in Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 9

bicarbonate is used up as a buffer so concentration in plasma falls

Question 10

What is the primary problem in Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 10

decreased PCO2 which then increases pH

Question 11

What is the primary problem in Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 11

increased bicarbonate increases pH