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Physiology Yr3 > The Kidney 3 > Flashcards

The Kidney 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how is water distributed in the body?

A

body = 60% water
2/3 = ICF
1/3 = ECF (80% ISF + 20% plasma)

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2
Q

what are the differences between ECF and ICF?

A

ECF = more Na+ and Cl+
ICF = more K+

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3
Q

what is the plasma concentration of sodium?

A

136-144mmol/L

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4
Q

what is the plasma concentration of potassium?

A

3.7-5.1mmol/L

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5
Q

what is the plasma concentration of chloride?

A

97-105mmol/L

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6
Q

what is the plasma concentration of bicarbonate?

A

22-30mmol/L

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7
Q

what is the plasma concentration of calcium?

A

2.12-2.54mmol/L

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8
Q

what is the plasma concentration of magnesium?

A

0.7-0.95mmol/L

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9
Q

what is the plasma concentration of phosphate?

A

0.87-1.55mmol/L

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10
Q

define plasma osmolarity

A

Osmolarity is the overall osmotic concentration of all the solutes in a solution

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11
Q

what is the function of osmoreceptors?

A

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus ‘taste’ the blood to detect blood water concentration - decides whether it needs to send nerve impulses to control center to release ADH to retain more water if dehydrated
Increased plasma osmolarity = increased ADH secretion

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12
Q

why is the cell membrane important in fluid and electrolyte balance?

A

it is selectively permeable - regulating the movement of water and solutes between the ECF and ICF - keeping the electrolyte balance

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13
Q

what are the methods of fluid output?

A

GI tract
lungs
skin
kidneys

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13
Q

what are the methods of fluid intake?

A

metabolic fluid
ingested foods
ingested liquids

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14
Q

define hypertonic

A

high solute concentration, low water concentration

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15
Q

define hypotonic

A

low solute concentration, high water concentration

16
Q

define isotonic

A

fluid with the same solute and water concentrations as intracellular fluid

17
Q

what is the mechanism of action for ADH?

A

ADH is released from posterior pituitary gland
makes walls of DCT and collecting duct more permeable to water, is reabsorbed into circulation leading to more concentrated urine

18
Q

what is the mechanism of action for angiotensin II and aldosterone?

A

Decreased BP → increased renin secretion from kidney → splits angiotensinogen into ANGI → ACE turns ANGI into ANGII (vasoconstrictor) → increased aldosterone secretion → increased Na+ and water reabsorption results in increased BP

19
Q

what is the mechanism of action for ANP?

A

increase blood pressure in right atrium → increased ANP → increased Na+ excretion and water loss result in decreased BP

20
Q

what is hyper/hyponatraemia?

A

+/- blood sodium controlled by ANP and aldosterone

21
Q

what is hyper/hypokalemia?

A

+/- blood potassium controlled by aldosterone

Physiology Yr3 (10 decks)

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