The Kidney 1

Question 1

list the components of the nephron

Answer 1

• glomerulus
• Bowman’s capsule
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle
• distal convoluted tubule

Question 2

what is the function of the afferent and efferent arterioles?

Answer 2

For each nephron, anafferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed called the glomerulus.

Blood exits the glomerulus into theefferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole then forms a second capillary network around the tubule, called theperitubular capillaries.

Question 3

Define filtration

Answer 3

Filtration allows substances to leave the circulation and enter the nephron

Question 4

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 4

a tuft of capillaries that acts as a molecular sieve

Question 5

what substances are filtered?

Answer 5

• excess water
• salts
• creatinine
• urea

Question 6

what substances are not filtered?

Answer 6

blood cells and protein

Question 7

define reabsorption

Answer 7

reabsorption allows substances to leave the nephron and re-enter circulation

Question 8

define secretion

Answer 8

allows substances to leave the circulation and enter the nephron if they haven’t been filtered (some are filtered tho)

Question 9

what does GFR stand for?

Answer 9

glomerular filtration rate

Question 10

what pressures drive filtration?

Answer 10

glomerular capillary (hydrostatic) pressure -
glomerular capsule pressure
+ colloidal osmotic pressure
= net filtration pressure

Question 11

how do the pressures drive the process of glomerular filtration?

Answer 11

The blood inside the glomerulus ->glomerular hydrostatic pressure which forces fluid out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule. The fluid in the capsule creates pressure pushing fluid out of the capsule -> glomerulus, opposing the glomerular hydrostatic pressure. This is thecapsular hydrostatic pressure. These fluids exert pressures in opposing directions.