The Brain 2

Question 1

what is the main function of the cerebellum in voluntary movement?

Answer 1

allows smooth coordinated muscle movement, especially rapid movement where groups of muscles must coordinate and planning and timing is essential to the control of the movement

Question 2

how does the cerebellum receive sensory information from muscles?

Answer 2

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Question 3

what receptors send the impulses to the cerebellum?

Answer 3

proprioceptors in the joints/tendon/muscle

Question 4

what areas does the cerebellum communicate with to modify muscle action?

Answer 4

the motor cortex, basal nuclei, red nucleus, and vestibular nuclei
which then transmit nerve impulses to LMN supplying the muscle

Question 5

what is the cerebellar two-way communication pathway with vestibular apparatus in control of?

Answer 5

in control of body equilibrium and position sense particularly during rapid movement

Question 6

what happens with cerebellar damage?

Answer 6

intention tremor, past-pointing, and ataxia

Question 7

what is the role of basal nuclei?

Answer 7

planning and programming of gross body movement (automatic positioning of body to perform a certain task)

Question 8

what does the substantia nigra produce?

Answer 8

dopamine which affects movement control, cognitive executive functions and emotional limbic activity

Question 9

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

• Coordinator of autonomic nervous system
• Control centres for hunger and thirst
• Involved in variety of emotional responses in conjunction with limbic system
• Endocrine influence on Pituitary gland

Question 10

name cranial nerves 1-6 with their functions and M/S

Answer 10

I - Olfactory nerves (smell) sensory

II - Optic nerve (vision) sensory

III - Oculomotor nerve (4 eye muscles) motor

IV - Trochlear nerve (superior oblique muscle) motor

V - Trigeminal nerve (sensory for face, motor for chewing) mixed

VI - Abducens nerve (lateral rectus muscle/eyeball) motor

Question 11

name cranial nerves 7-12 with their functions and M/S

Answer 11

VII - Facial nerve (facial expression) motor

VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve (hearing/balance) sensory

IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve (tongue/pharynx/swallowing) mixed

X - Vagus (rest and digest) mixed

XI - Accessory nerve (shoulder/ muscles) motor

XII - Hypoglossal nerve (tongue) motor