The Joints

Question 1

What are the 3 functional classifications and describe type of movement.

Give structural examples of each.

Answer 1

1. Synarthroses: immovable
   - Fibrous sutures
   - Fibrous gomphosis (teeth)
   - Cartilaginous synchondrosis (ends of ribs)
2. Amphiarthroses: slightly movable
   -Fibrous syndesmosis (between tibia and fibula)
   - Cartilaginous symphysis (pubic symphysis)
3. Diarthroses: freely movable
   - Synovial

Question 2

Which structural joint is joined by dense connective tissue

Answer 2

Fibrous

Question 3

Which structural joint is joined by cartilage

Answer 3

Cartilaginous joints

Question 4

What type of cartilage is joined does synchondroses and sympahyses use?

Answer 4

synchondroses
- hyaline

sympahyses
- fibrocartilage

Question 5

What type of reinforcing ligament is ACL and PCL?

Answer 5

Intracapsular

Question 6

What are some features of Synovial Joints?

Answer 6

1. Articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones
2. Synovial cavity
3. Synovial fluid

Question 7

What type of tissue does the outer fibrous capsule have?

Answer 7

irregular connective tissue

Question 8

What type of tissue does the inner synovial membrane have?

Answer 8

Loose connective tissue

Question 9

What are the 2 friction-reducing structures

Answer 9

Bursae (contain synovial fluid)
Tendon sheath

Question 10

What is the role of Menisci?

Answer 10

-fibrocartilage
- separates articular surfaces to improve fit, stabilize joints, and reduce wear & tear

Question 11

What are 3 stabilizing factors of synovial joints

Answer 11

1. Shape of articular surface
2. Ligament number & location
3. Muscle tone keeps tendons taut as they cross joints

Question 12

What type of joint and movement?

Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces

Answer 12

1. Plane joint
2. Nonaxial movement

Question 13

What type of joint and movement?

Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints

Answer 13

1.Hinge joints
2. Uniaxial movement

Question 14

What type of joint and movement?

Proximal radioulnar joints

Answer 14

Pivot joints
uniaxial movement

Question 15

What type of joint and movement?

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints

Answer 15

Condylar joint
biaxial movement

Question 16

What type of joint and movement?

Joints on the thumb

Answer 16

Saddle joint
biaxial movement

Question 17

What type of joint and movement?

Shoulder joints and hip joints

Answer 17

Ball-and-socket joint
Multiaxial movement

Question 18

What is the easiest joint to dislocate?

Answer 18

Temporomandibular joint

Question 19

What is the role of the acetabular labrum

Answer 19

Enhances depth of socket

Question 20

What is the ligament of the head of the femur for?

Answer 20

Less for support, more for blood flow

Question 21

What is the ball-and-socket joint called for the shoulders that is slightly deepened by rim of fibrocartilage

Answer 21

glenoid labrum

Question 22

What ligament helps support weight of upper limb?

Answer 22

Coracohumeral ligament

Question 23

What are the 3 joints of the knee?

Answer 23

Femoropatellar joint
Lateral & Medial tibiofemoral joints

Question 24

What is the role of the lateral and medial collateral ligament

Answer 24

prevent rotation when knee is extended

Question 25

What is the role of the arcuate popliteal ligament?

Answer 25

reinforces joint capsule posteriorly

Question 26

What is the role of the oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 26

Stabilizes posterior knee joint

Question 27

Which knee ligament has an attachment to mensicus and which doesn’t?

Answer 27

Attachment
- Medial collateral ligament

Not attachment
- Lateral collateral ligament

Question 28

When knee is fully extended, what helps the ligaments stay locked?

Answer 28

Both cruciate

Question 29

Which ligament is torn in a hockey puck injury

Answer 29

Medial + Lateral collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament