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PHARM 110 Final > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate between antigen and antibody

A

Antigen
- is on the cell

Antibody
- protein that binds to the antigen

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2
Q

Is lymphatic a loop system?

A

no, blind end system

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3
Q

What are some functions of the lymphatic system (4)

A

NET FILTRATION PRESSURE
- takes interstitial fluid to blood (allows for no swelling)

  • Distribute hormones, nutrients, waste products
  • basis of immune system
  • removes foreign substances
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4
Q

How is the lymphatic system similar to the cardiovascular system

A
  • Distribute hormones, nutrients, waste products
  • Capillaries lined by simple squamous epithelium
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5
Q

What is the lymph pathway overview

Cats Violently toss Donuts

A

Blood stream capillaries
Interstitial space
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymphatic Ducts
Venus blood

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6
Q

What are the lymphatic capillaries lined by?
What are they anchored by?

A

Lined by Simple squamous

Collagen filaments prevents capillary collapse

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7
Q

What is the role of lacteals in the capillaries?

A

lining layer of the GI tract
- absorb digested fat & deliver chyle to bloodstream

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8
Q

What do the lymphatic vessels contain? (2)

A
  • Anastomose frequently (junctions between vessels & joint)
  • Lymphatic valve to block the backflow of fluid
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9
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic trunks?

A

Drain different fluids in the trunk

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10
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain? Thoracic Duct?
What is the collection point for all the lymph inferior of the diaphragm?

A

Right duct
- drains right body superior to diaphragm

Thoracic Duct
- Drains everything inferior to diaphragm and left superior of it

Cisterna Chyli

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11
Q

What type of transport does lymph have? slow/fast

A
  • slow transport
  • low pressure
  • brings fluid up against gravity
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12
Q

Describe the process of NK cells?
What do they kill?

A

Nonspecific, kills unusual antigens

  1. When unusual Ag detected, NK activates
  2. Golgi produces perforin to secrete into the cell. turns into pores
  3. Pores are released via exocytosis into the Ag
  4. Pores quickly explodes the Ag cell
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13
Q

What are the roles of:

1.Macrophages
2.Dendritic cells
3.Reticular cells

A
  1. “big eaters” act as Ag presenting cell to mount an immune response. Help activate T cells
  2. Capture Ag & deliver them to lymph nodes
  3. help support lymphoid organs
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14
Q

Differentiate between primary and secondary lymphoid organs.

Where does it occur?

A

Primary
- Where b & T cells mature
- Thymus, Red bone marrow

Secondary
- Where B & T cells encounter Ag
- Surveillance points
- Where immune response occurs
- Tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix

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15
Q

What are the steps that occur in the Thymus for T cells.

A
  1. Positive selection
    - T cells must recognize self-major histocompatibility proteins (self-MHC) with the Ag-presenting thymic cells
  2. T cells must NOT recognize self-antigen
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphoid tissues?

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue
- found in every organ

Lymphoid follicles (nodules)
- Have a germinal center that consists of B cells

17
Q

What are the 2 functions of lymph nodes

A
  1. Filter lymph
    - Macrophages destroy microorganisms
  2. Activate immune system: lymphocytes are activated and mount an attack against antigen
18
Q

In a lymph node structure, what does the cortex and medulla contain?

A

Cortex
- follicles (germinal cells)
- Full of B cells

Medulla
- Medullary sinuses: lymph capillaries containing macrophages
- Passageways for lymphs to move
- Contains B & T cells

19
Q

How does circulation in lymph nodes work?
Where does it enter and exit?

A
  1. Lymph enters via AFFERENT vessels
  2. Lymph travels through subcapsular and medullary sinuses
  3. Lymph exits via EFFERent vessels
20
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ of the body?
What does it contain?
Which side of the body?
Function?

A

Spleen
- lymphocytes, macrophages & LOTS of RBC (filters blood)
- White pulp: white blood cells to allow B & T cells to mount an immune response
- Red pulp: Removes worn out RBCs

Function: same as lymph node but for blood

21
Q

Does the Thymus directly fight antigens?
What function?

A

No, indirectly.

Educate T cells through positive & negative selection to become immunocompetent

22
Q

What is the role of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

A
  • protects digestive and respiratory systems (mucous membranes) from foreign substances
23
Q

Describe the 1st line of defense in immunity (2):
Surface barriers

A

skin
- Acid mantle: skin secretions are acidic and it kills bacteria
- Keratin provides resistance against acids, and bacteria enzymes

Mucous membranes
- Nasal hairs
- Mucous for respiratory and digestive tracts

24
Q

Describe the 2nd line of defense:
Internal defense (6)

A

Cells
- Phagocytes
- NK cells

Antimicrobial proteins
- Interferons (sacrifice themselves)
- Complement (helps insert membrane attack complex so they burst & die)

  • Inflammation (capillaries get more permeability)
  • Fever (inhibits microbes from multiplying)
25
Q

Describe 3rd line of defense:
Humoral Immunity
What enhances Phagocytosis? PLAN

A

B cells attack anitgens

Precipitation Lysis Agglutination Neutralization

26
Q

Differentiate between active and passive humoral immunity

A

Active
- makes memory cells
Ex. vaccine, natural infections

Passive
- No memory cells
- Will not help in future responses but still has a primary response
Ex. Mother to fetus, injection of antibodies

27
Q

What is the role of each antibody B cell?

IgM
igA
igG
IgE

IgD

A

IgM
- First Ab released in primary response

igA
- Found in body secretions (saliva, sweat, milk)
- passive immunity

igG
- Most abundant Ab in plasma
- Main Ab for secondary and late primary responses
- Crosses placenta

IgE
- inflammation & allergic reaction

IgD found on B cell surface

28
Q

Describe 3rd line of defense:
Cellular Immunity steps

A

T cells attacks antigens

  1. Tc identifies foreign Ag on MHC 1 proteins and binds to target cell
  2. Tc releases perforin & granzyme from its granules by exocytosis
  3. Perforin molecules insert into target cell membrane, polymerize & form into membrane pores
  4. Granzymes enter target cell via pores. Once inside Granzymes activate enzymes that trigger apoptosis
  5. Tc detaches & searches for another prey

PHARM 110 Final (6 decks)

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