The Inter war Years – India Flashcards
What happened in March 1919 in India?
The rowlatt act
what did the Rowlatt act do?
extended emergency measures from 1917
Allowed political cases to be tried without juries
Allowed the arrest of suspects without trial
what is the result of the provisions allowed in the Rowlatt act
Created extreme tensions, particularly in the Punjab region
when was the armitsar massacre?
April 1919
what happened in the Amritsar massacre
British troops fired upon a crowd comprised of Indians protesting against the arrest of leaders and seek pilgrims gathered to celebrate the New Year
how many people died in the Amritsar massacre?
380
what was the result of the Amritsar massacre for Britain
Britain lost moral authority
Was seen as a turning point in the history of India
what key legislation was there in December 1919 for India?
The government of India act
what provisions were made in the government of India act 1919?
The viceroy retained control of major areas
The council was still appointed, but had to defend their actions to the legislative council
Provincial councils were by elected Indian ministers and took responsibility for local government
Who made the government of India act 1919?
Montague and Chelmsford
why was the government of India act made and what was promised?
It was made to help appease the Indian people
There was a promised review commission within 10 years
What key movement happened between 1920 and 1922 in India?
The non-cooperation movement
What event ended the non-cooperation movement in 1922?
Chair Chara incident
what happened in the Cari Chara incident
There was violence among protesters
A police station was set alight
And 26 people died
When was The Simon commission?
1929 to 1930
what was the purpose of the Simon commission?
To examine the effects of the Montague Chelmsford reforms.
Who was lacking in representation in the Simon commission?
Indians
Who boycotted the Simon commission?
The Indian National Congress and a section of the Muslim league do not legitimise it
Who was in favour of the Simon commission?
The other group of the Muslim league
What did the Simon commission recommend?
A federal system of government be created across India
The province are given more power
To ensure the viceroy still controls international and foreign affairs
when was the first roundtable conference?
November 1930 London
what does Congress demand in the first round table conference
Self rule
why were the round table conferences called?
Lord Irwin announced a round table conference to settle India’s constitutional future
How many representatives were there in the first roundtable conference?
89
16 British
16 Indian princesses
57 nominees from the Viceroy
A number of reps from the lowest Indian caste
Who was not represented in the first roundtable conference?
The Indian National Congress and Gandhi was in prison so he couldn’t come
what was the result of the first roundtable conference?
No agreement was reached
When was the second roundtable conference?
September to December 1931
What did Gandhi say/do at the second round table conference?
he was mandated to demand self rule and make no concessions
Fellow Indians to be at the conference table as he spoke for all
what was Britain’s response to Gandhi‘s demands for self-governing?
They rejected it
during the second round table, confidence what was going on in India?
They were brutal and repressive measures which persisted
When Gandhi got back from London, he was arrested
when was the third roundtable conference?
1932
what was the result of the third roundtable conference?
It had little impact and it was poorly attended
Britain rejected demands the self governing dominion status
What act was there concerning India in 1935?
The government of India act 1935
What did the government of India act 1935 create?
Federation of India
Made provinces completely self-governing
Expanded the franchise from 7 to 35,000,000
What was the response to the government of India act 1935?
opposed by the Congress party
Rejected by Prince states
Britain also wasn’t a big fan
when did the government of India act 1935 come to affect?
1937
In 1939 what did Congress members in India do?
They resigned from provincial office to help in the war
in 1939 what did Britain do in India?
Impose direct rule and use repression and the arrest of political leaders to compensate
What was the cause of mounting tensions in the 1930s in India?
The Muslim league wanted a separate independent Muslim state
The Congress wanted a United Indian state
What was Britain’s position as a result of the mounting tensions in the 1930s in India?
Britain fed a Civil War and instead supported a Muslim homeland in a Federation of India
during the second world war what did some nationalist do to help Britain?
Suspended protests in 1939 and supported the British war effort
Where was Britain defeated in 1942 and what did this lead to?
South east Asia
Let Congress to call for reforms
what did British concern of the INc lead to
Full support for the Muslim league
after what and when was full Dominion status offered to India?
In 1942 following the Cripps commission
what was the Indian response of the offer of full Dominion status?
It was rejected
what is Gandhi’s response to the full Dominion status offered?
He rejects it and launches the quit India campaign but is arrested and imprisoned for the rest of the war
when was India independent?
August 1947
after India became independent, what happened?
It was partitioned into India and Pakistan the next day
After giving India independence, what did Britain do?
I thought it was no longer feasible or desirable to fight India so they left
What are the reasons why Britain concluded? It was no longer feasible or desirable to keep fighting India so they left?
they feared it would lead to why widespread violent resistance and use military resources
The Indian army may not have been reliable due to pro-independence activity
India was no longer the great market for British cotton exports
Who led the departure of India?
Lord Lewis Mountbatten
what was the impact of written leaving so instantaneously after Indian independence?
Electric extreme violence between Muslim and Hindus and at least 1 million people died
Left a bitter legacy between India and Pakistan
What were some factors accounting for the growth in Indian nationalism?
The Indian fighting experience in World War I
Gandhi
Government of India acts
Armistar massacre
Rolett act 1919
