the intellectual Renaissance in italy

Question 1

itlian renaissance characteristics

Answer 1

individualism and secualrism

Question 2

humanism

Answer 2

intellectual movement based on study of Classical literacy works of Greek and Rome, examined studia-humanitatis, had secular occupations

Question 3

petrach

Answer 3

emphasized use of pure classical latin (humanists use cicero), guest (lack modesty), foster development of humanism, saw middle ages as darkenss (caused people to see middle ages as age without classical antiquity)

Question 4

studia humanitatis

Answer 4

study of humanity, grammar, rhetronic poetry, moral philosophy/ ethics, writing of Greek and Rome (subjects we call humanities)

Question 5

Leonardo Bruni

Answer 5

wrote biography on Cicero, fusion of political action and literary action in Cicero’s life

Question 6

Lorenzo Valla

Answer 6

effort to purify medieval Latin and restore Latin to vernacular, his classical models diferred from early humanists (others = written before 7th center, valla = accepted latin of last century and first century of Roman Republic)

Question 7

Marsilio Fincio

Answer 7

dedicated life to translation of Plato and Platonic philosophy of Neoplatism, undertook synthesis of Chrisianity and platonism into one system

Question 8

neoplastosnism

Answer 8

based on two ideas 1. nepotism hierarchy of substance (we are in the middle and a link between worlds, our duty to to asencend towards union) 2. theory of spiritual love (people bound by love, parts of universe held together by bonds of sympathetic love)

Question 9

herementicism

Answer 9

fincio translated Corpus Heremeticism, contained two kinds of writing 1. stressed mysteries sciences 2. theological and philosophical beliefs and spectations 3. espoused pantheism 4. maji (humans have divine power and chose to be on materal world, we can recover dignity by regnerating)

Question 10

giovanni Picco Della Mirvandold

Answer 10

oration on the dignity of man, offered ringing statement of unlimited human potential, avid interest in HERMENTATIC philosophy

Question 11

renaissance humanists and education

Answer 11

believed human beings could change through education, goal : produce complete citizen who would participate in civic lives of community, combined classics and Christianity, supposed to be used by ruling class

Question 12

liberal studies

Answer 12

included history, moral philosophy, eloquence, letters, poetry, math, astronomy, music, purpose: produce individuals who followed path of virtue and wisdom and possessed thetroial skills with which to persuade others to do same

Question 13

female and humanist schools

Answer 13

discouraged to learn math and thetoric, religion and morals were thought to “hold the first place” (nogaraol, fedele, great)

Question 14

cicero

Answer 14

states man and intellectual, roman, inspiration for Renaissance ideal

Question 15

pantheism

Answer 15

seeing divinity embodied in all aspects of nature and the hierarchy bodies as well as in earthly objects

Question 16

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 16

played major role in bringing process to completion, Gutenberg bible (first book in west made from movable type)

Question 17

new sense of chronology

Answer 17

because they believed the classical civilization, followed by middle ages, then their own age, enabled them to think in terms or passage of time of the past as past, division of past = provided new sense of predestination in history

Question 18

gucciardini

Answer 18

purpose of writing history = teach lessons, developed skills that enabled him to analyze political situations precisely

Question 19

printing

Answer 19

effect on intellectula life (bible, lay reading expanded, religious books published), and thought (development f scholaerly research and diesre to attain knowledge, standard text created),

Question 20

new views inspiration

Answer 20

inspired by cicero, duty of individual was to live for one’s state

Question 21

humanism in the 15th century italy

Answer 21

1. civic humansim 3. growing interest in Classical Greek (Bruni) 4. consciouness of being humanists (valla)

Question 22

civic humansim

Answer 22

originated in Florence, new view on role as intellectuals, Cicerco was their model (Bruni), individuals grows through participation in the state, study of humanities put to the service of the state

Question 23

growing interest in Classical Grek civlizatrion

Answer 23

Bruni (first to gain knowledge of Greek) puresd works of Plato and other Greeks

Question 24

history and humanists

Answer 24

1. new sense of chrnology of history 2. secuarlized history

Question 25

secuarlizing history

Answer 25

reduced role of miracles, wanted to use document and excerised their newly developed critical skills in examining, deemphasized divine intervention (stressed forces or role of individuals)