The impact of European Expansion Flashcards
Porugese in Afirca
built forts on the western and eastern coast of Africa, tried to dominate trade in gold in Africa, began exploring in the 15th century
Dutch East India Company
base to Southern Africa to provide provisions ot Dutch ships going to the Spice Isaldns, then became a permantent colony
Dutch in Africa
took porgese forts along west Africna coast and trade across Indian ocean, Boers (farmers) settled because of moderate climates and freedom from tropical diseases
middle passage
middle leg of triangle trade, slaves closely packed and unsanitary (high death rate), neeeded more slaves (went farther inland), rulers became concerend (king Affonso of COngo) and saw slave trade as source of income and raided villages,
triangle trade
europea to africa (manufacture goods for slaves), africa to americas (slaves and sold), america to euopre (brought stuff to European markets)
effect of slave trade
lives of slaves and families, importanation of cheap manufatured goods (undermine local cottage industries, forcing families into poverty), depopulation (african communities deprived of men and women), need of supplycause warfare (africans attack neighors), affected african countries (benin lost faith and got corrupt), europeans accept slavery (saw them as inferior and fit for slave trade)
portugese in southeast asia
couldn’t dominate trade because it lacked welahty and was too small, competition with psain and dutch
spain in southeast asia
gained control over philipines and began trading across pacific
duch
POWERFUL, got porguese forts and pushed them out of spice trade, drove english out of spice trade, began to consolide political and military control (brought inland regions under their control, established pepper planations) SOUTH EAST ASIA
portugese in mainland South east Asia
first one come in 16th century, created limited trade relations with several mainlandstates
everyone else in mainaldn southeast asia
17th century, began to compete for trade and missionary privilages (mainaldn states drove them out)
westernes in vietnamn
both took different sides in local politics, set up trading posts and left them becasue of limitations of economic opporunties, french missionaries tried to convert people to Chrisanitity, but it was considered a threat to presitge of emperor
vienam
arrival of forgieners casued internal conflict among rulers, led ot civil war and divison of country
cohesive nature of mainland southeast asia
allowed them to resist europeans (burma, thailand, and vietnam saw themselves as one political entitiy)
Malay states of southeast asia
less cohesion, victicms of our own resources (europeans wanted spices and control of it)
Mughals
brought Hindo and Muslim kingdoms in unity after portuese came, founded by Babur
potugese in India
first to come to India, dominated regional trade in Indian Ocean
English in Inida
17th, establishe don Southeastern Coast, traded cotton goods to east Indies and barted spices, success attracked rivals (dutch and french), robert clive and refuseal of french governemtn to fund french helped when french competed with them
french in India
more persitnet than Dutch, established forsts on east coast, becase they french governemtn refused to fund thme, they were restricted to fort Pondicherry and terriotires in the South east
dutch in Inida
17th cenutyr: concnertere on spice trade
robert clive
british, brought together British control in Bengal (ruler put british in Fort William Black Hole of Clacutta), after defeated mughal led army (more than 10 times size in Battle of Plascay) the british east India Comapny recieved from Mughal the authroity to collect taxes from lands surrounding Clacultta
East India Company in India
expanding their authroity to interiorr of India, needed (money that would pay expensive military operation), ENGLISH
China
at the height of its power, eueopans were seen as barbians
Ming Dynasty
was great when portugese landed, exteneded rule to Mongolia and Central Asia, reconquered Vietnam, strengthened great Wall, made peace with nomadic tribsement, major epidemic cause peasnt revolt led by Li Zeheng)
Machus
farming and hunting people, lived in northeast of China, conquered beijin, declared Qing dyansty
quing dyansty
had strong rulers, corrected serious soical and economic life, restored peace, military campgains were expensive and heavy demands on treasury and population growth led to economic hardships
English in China
trade with china increased, qing government confined Eruopean tradesr to small isaldnt o limit contacts between them, British accepted them, but then wanted to access to other cities along coast and China be opend to British goods
Japan
achieved unfication, bought European weapons (used them to defeat and unify), missionaries became involved with politics (expelled them), japanese christians persecuted, government closed trading posts (Dutch not closed off though)
Dutch in japan
DID NOT LET MISSIONARY ACTIVITY INTERFERE
Spanish in Japan
let missionary activity interefer with trade
Spain in the America
16th century: established large colonial empire, mained South American empire
17th century: commerical power decline (drop in outpu of silver mines and poverty of Spanish monarchy)
Porgual in the Americas
16th century: established large colonial empires, profited from emprie in Brazil
The Americas
competition with ENglish Dutch and french
English and Frenchin West Indies
had large part of West Indies, developed planation economy worked by African slaves
sugar factories
in the caribbean, 18th century, french produced more at Saint Dominigue
Dutch in North America
one of first to esatlibsh settlements, henry Hudon (english) discovered Hudson river, established colony of new netherelands, competition in 17th century with English and French led to desire of Dutch commerical empire
English in Norther America
James town barely survived (showed tha tcolonizieng of American lands was not neccesairly conductive to quick profits), desire to practice own’s religion and economic interests led to successful colonization, port cities resisted regulation from british governemtn, colonies in NOrth America and west indies assigned roels in keeping with merchantsilist theory
merchanistlistic theory
provided raw materials for mother country while burying latter’s manufactured goods
jacques Carier
(discovered st. lawrence river and laid claim to canada as french possesion)
canada
became property of French crown, treated by french province,
french north america
jacquest carier, canada, thiny populated (french couldn’t get people to emigrate to Candaa), trading area, Eruopean take their providences (couldn’t provided men or money)
british and French rivarly
spanish and portugese depend on resources from thier colonies and kept others out, british and french too powerful to be exlcluded,
origin of slave trade
had existed in the Middle East and European countries, then with the discover of the americas and planting of sugar cane change everything
15th century: porguese taking more slaves to Euopre and set up sugar planations in central coast of Africa, existed in Middle East (domestic slaves),
16the century: more sugar cane planation in Brazil and caribbean, need more labroers
growth of the slave trade
triangular trade, middle passage, move rather inland to find slaves (some rulers became concerned), local rulers use slavery as source of income (raided other villages), african middle men active in process of obtaining slave and dictated price and number of slaves
