Renaissnace Flashcards
Renaissance
definition is rebirth, rebirth of grecoroman civlition, 14th and 15th century
Middle Ages
characterized by darkness because lack of classical culture
Jacob Burckhardt
said Italy (14-15th century) was the birthplace of the modern world, distinguishing features was the revival of antiquity, perfecting of individual, secularism, 1860s there was a sudden break from Middle Ages
14th century Italy
Italy was superior in commericial and political evolution –> became indepdnent city states —> centers of Italian etc —> secular spirit emerges
14th century Renaissance
- Italy 2. recovery 3. presence of wealthy upper class 4. emphasis on individual ability
Renaissance trade economy during the 14th century
ITALY: before the plague, had a flourshing trade (ventician flanders fleet), plague caused Italians to lost their commericial superiority but they maintained a wealthy commerical empire HANSA: propersed
Hansa or Hanaseatic League time line
13th: League propesred and had a monopoly, started to form a association
14th century: Burges propserd,
15th century: Burges declined (silting of port) and League unable to compete with larger states
Burges
economic crossroads of Europe meeting place between Hanasetic merchants and Flanders Fleet of Venice
Medici Family timeline
15th century: gain superitority in banking (controlled interests in enterprises, greatest bank, ) then declined (bad loans, poor leadership)
nobility timeline
14th century: declining real incomes
15th century: dominate soceity (military officers held political posts)
16th century: pursue education
Venetian Flanders Fleet
had sea route from Venice to England and Netherlands
castiliglione and book of courtier
1500s, , became popular throughout Europe, fundamentally hand book for European aristocrats, described three basic attributes of perfect courtier
3 basic attributes of perfect courtier in book of courtier
- posses fundmental nature ednowements (grace and talents)
- cultivate certain achievements (excerise and classical education and art)
- follow standard of conduct (make good impression, show accomplishments with grace)
peasants and towns people
made mass of third estate,
decline of manorialism, elimination of serfdom timeline
12th century: introduction of money economy cause conversion of labor to rents
14th century: black death–> contraction of peasanttry, easier to grant freedom and accept rents
15th century: serdom declining, peasntts were becoming free
patricians
top of urban society, wealth enabled them to dominate their urban community economically , socially, and politically
petty burghers
concerned with providing goods and services for local consumtpion
propertyless
earning pitiful wages and the unemployed living miserable lives
slavery timeline
existed in middle ages
decline
9th century: serdom
11th century: slavery disappeared
repearred in Spain (Reconquista)
14th century: blakc death (no laboreres) cause Italisn to intoduce slavery
15th century: decline of slavery (turks conquer byzantine, prices rose, less demand), portuese import African slaves
Italy and slaves
slaves were used as skilled workers, household workers, girls were nursemaids, boys were playmates, many were young girls, some used as concubines
Italian slave market
obtain from Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea region
Social Structure of Renaissance
inherited it from Middle Ages, three estates
family in renaissance italy
family: extended household of parents, children, and servants, lived near each other, might dominate an entire urban district, source of security
first estate
clergy, preeminence grounded in belief that people should be guided to spiritual ends
legally binding marriage contract
important aspect was size, money presented by wife’s family to husband upon marriage, size of dowry explained how the bride was moving down or up in society, large = bride family status up, small = bride family’s status higher than husband
second estate
nobility, privileges based on principle that nobles provided security and justice for society
third estate
peasants and inhabitants of towns and cities, experienced certain adaptions in Renaissance
African slaves
15th century, Portuguese importing many African slaves
arranged marriages
used to strengthen business or family ties, details worked out in advanced and reinforced by legally binding marriage contract
Renaissance recovery
recovery from the 14th century accompaiend by rediscover of classical antiquity (interest in Greo-Roman culture, reconile pagan philosphy of Greco-Roman world with Christian thought, new way of vewing human beings),
father and husband role in Italian family
gave name, responsible for legal matters, managed finances, made crucial decisions in children’s lives, authority was absolute until he died or formally freed children
European economy timeline
14th century: wool industires of Flanders and northern Italian city states were devistated (b/c ecnoic depression)
15th century: wool industry and Italian city states created industries, new technology and machineery, rules transfer titles to financers, medici family preeimeince
Hansa League
northern European coatsal towns formed a military and commerical assocation
emphasis on individual ability
high regard for human dignity caused new social ideal (lumono universale)
