The integumentary system Flashcards
superior/inferior
superior-toward the head end of the body
inferior-away from the head
anterior/posterior
anterior-means near or towards the front of something
posterior-further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end
superficial/deep
superficial-one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body
deep- located on the inside of the body/structure
lateral/medial
lateral-away from the midline of the body
medial-s a position toward the midline of the body
proximal/distal
proximal-toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part
distal-away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part
Cell Membrane
Controls what goes in and out of cell
Nucleus
brain of the cell
Cytoplasm
hold other organelles in place
Mitochondria
makes energy
Golgi Apparatus
packages proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
transports proteins
Ribosomes
makes proteins
Lysosome
disposes of waste
Epithelial Tissue
Sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body
Nervous tissue
Allows the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body
Muscle tissue
Responds to stimulation and contracts to provide movement, and occurs as three major types:
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
Connective tissue
Binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body
hair
hair has various functions such as protection against external factors, sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones production and thermoregulation
(superior)
hair follicle
A hair follicle anchors each hair into the skin (superior )
hair root
The main function of root hairs is the uptake of water and nutrients from the rhizosphere (superior)
nails
The nail functions by protecting the digits and contributing to tactile sensation (superior extremity)
Lunula
The lunula has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate (superior extremity)
cuticle
The cuticle is a diffusion barrier limiting water and solute transport across the apoplast and for its protection of the plant against chemical and mechanical damage, as well as pest and pathogen attack (superior extremity)
Nail root
It produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.(superior extremity)
Pores
They allow sweat and oil to escape through your skin(superficial)
Apocrine Sweat glands
They continuously secrete a fatty sweat into the gland tubule (superficial)
Eccrine Sweat glands
They primarily by stabilizing body temperature (superficial)
Epidermis
It provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone(superficial)
Dermis
It supports and protects the skin and deeper layers(superficial)
Hypodermis
It provides the main structural support for the skin(deep)
Keratin
Keratin helps form the tissues of the hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin. (superficial)
Keratinocyte
It is important for the formation of the epidermal water barrier by making and secreting lipids(superficial)
Stratum basale
Home to melanocytes that produce melanin(deep)
Stratum spinosum
It is responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.(deep)
Stratum granulosum
It helps to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body(superficial)
Stratum lucidum
Stratum lucidum is to protect the skin in areas most common to damage(superficial)
Stratum corneum
Is the barrier that prevents unwanted materials from entering, and excessive loss of water from exiting the body(superficial)
Thick Skin
It provides protection from damage in areas that experience more friction and abrasion(superficial)
Thin Skin
It helps to protect against infections, regulate temperature, and allows hair to grow.(superficial)
Function #1 - Protection
The skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.
Function #2 - Sensory Function
The skin acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.
Function #3 - Thermoregulation
The sympathetic nervous system is continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses.
Function #4 - Vitamin D Synthesis
The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. In the presence of sunlight, a form of vitamin D3 called cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin.
