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Cole Wilkinson > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of skeleton

A

axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

The axial skeleton includes all the bones along the body’s long axis. The axial skeleton includes the bones that form the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

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3
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

The appendicular skeleton is one of two major bone groups in the body, the other being the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is comprised of the upper and lower extremities, which include the shoulder girdle and pelvis.

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4
Q

Total bones in human body?

A

206

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals. The skeletal system is also called the musculoskeletal system.

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6
Q

The classifications of bones

A

The four principal types of bones are long, short, flat and irregular.

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7
Q

long

A

A long bone is a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide

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8
Q

short

A

Short bones are shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone.

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9
Q

flat

A

Flat bones are made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded.

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10
Q

irregular

A

They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebræ, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid

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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.

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12
Q

Diaphysis

A

the shaft or central part of a long bone.

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13
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints.

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

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15
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

The medullary cavity (medulla, innermost part) is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity.

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16
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Red bone marrow is primarily found in the medullary cavity of flat bones such as the sternum and pelvic girdle. This type of bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells, which are the stem cells that form blood cells.

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17
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Yellow bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells (marrow stromal cells), which produce cartilage, fat and bone.

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18
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A

Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons or haversian systems.

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19
Q

Spongy bone

A

Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.

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20
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

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21
Q

Abduction/Adduction

A

Adduction: Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
The opposite of adduction is abduction.

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22
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation refers to movements made about the longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane

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23
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Supination means that when you walk, your weight tends to be more on the outside of your foot.
Pronation means that when you walk, your weight tends to be more on the inside of your foot.

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24
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Plantar flexion- It also enables the opposite movement, dorsiflexion- which is the movement of the foot toward the leg.

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25
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

Eversion ankle sprains — occurs when the ankle rolls outward and tears the deltoid ligaments.
Inversion ankle sprains — occurs when you twist your foot upward and the ankle rolls inward.

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26
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction describes the anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly.
Retracting is done by squeezing the shoulder blades together.

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27
Q

Depression/Elevation

A

Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.

28
Q

Opposition/Reposition

A

Opposition brings the thumb and little finger together. Reposition is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other

29
Q

Pivot Joint (vertebrae in neck area)

A

Pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis.

30
Q

Hinge Joint (ebow)

A

A hinge joint is a type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane.

31
Q

Saddle Joint (thumb)

A

Saddle joints are a type of synovial joint that allow articulation by reciprocal reception.

32
Q

Ball and Socket Joint (hip)

A

Ball-and-socket joint, also called spheroidal joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint.

33
Q

Condyloid Joint (wrist)

A

Condyloid joints are a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone.

34
Q

Plane Joint (between tarsals)

A

Plane joint, also called gliding joint or arthrodial joint, in anatomy, type of structure in the body formed between two bones in which the articular, or free, surfaces of the bones are flat or nearly flat, enabling the bones to slide over each other.

35
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

8

36
Q

What is the only movable bone in your skull?

A

The only bone in your skull that forms freely movable joints is your mandible, or jawbone.

37
Q

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

A

The spine is split into five regions: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.

38
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

In the cervical segments, there are 7 cervical vertebrae and 8 cervical nerves

39
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12 bones in the chest—the thoracic spine.

40
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

five lumbar vertebrae

41
Q

Scoliosis

A

Scoliosis is where the spine twists and curves to the side.

42
Q

kyphosis

A

Hunchback (kyphosis) usually refers to an abnormally curved spine. It’s most common in older women and often related to osteoporosis.

43
Q

Lordosis

A

The spine normally curves at the neck, the torso and the lower back area. When the spine curves too far inward, the condition is called lordosis or swayback.

44
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.

45
Q

Costal cartilage

A

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.

46
Q

three types of ribs

A

true, false, and floating ribs.

47
Q

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

the clavicle and scapula

48
Q

Humerus

A

The humerus is the arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow

49
Q

Radius

A

The radius is the larger of the two bones of the forearm

50
Q

Ulna

A

The ulna is one of the two forearm long bones that, in conjunction with the radius, make up the antebrachium.

51
Q

Carpals

A

The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (or carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm.

52
Q

Metacarpals

A

The metacarpal bones are the long slender bones which connect your wrist to your fingers and are roughly at the level of your palm.

53
Q

Phalanges

A

The phalanges (single: phalanx) of the hands are the tubular bones of the fingers and thumb.

54
Q

femur

A

Your thighbone (femur) is the longest and strongest bone in your body.

55
Q

tibia

A

The tibia is the larger of the two bones. It supports most of your weight and is an important part of both the knee joint and ankle joint.

56
Q

Fibula

A

The fibula is a long bone in the lower extremity that is positioned on the lateral side of the tibia

57
Q

Tarsals

A

Tarsals – a set of seven irregularly shaped bones. They are situated proximally in the foot in the ankle area.

58
Q

Metatarsals

A

The metatarsals refer to the five long bones found in each foot.

59
Q

Transverse fracture

A

A transverse fracture occurs when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone.

60
Q

Oblique fracture

A

An oblique fracture is characterized by a break that is curved or at an angle to the bone.

61
Q

spiral fracture

A

A spiral fracture is a bone fracture that occurs when a long bone is broken by a twisting force.

62
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

The bone is broken into more than two pieces.

63
Q

impacted fracture

A

An impacted fracture occurs when the broken ends of the bone are jammed together by the force of the injury.

64
Q

greenstick fracture

A

A greenstick fracture occurs when a bone bends and cracks

65
Q

open fracture

A

An open fracture, also called a compound fracture, is a fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.

66
Q

closed fracture

A

If the injury doesn’t break open the skin, it’s called a closed fracture.

Cole Wilkinson (12 decks)

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